title: Using sentiment analysis for click‑bait detection in RSS feeds
description: Using Python with sentiment analysis to detect if titles in RSS feeds are click-bait
date: 2019-10-19
type: post
hide: false
----

## Initial thoughts

One of the things that interested me for a while now is  if major well established news sites use click bait titles to drive additional traffic to their sites and generate additional impressions.

Goal is to see how article titles and actual content of article differ from each other and see if titles are click-baited.

## Preparing and cleaning data

For this example I opted to just use RSS feed from a new website and decided to go with [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com) World news. While this gets us limited data (~40) articles and also description (actual content) is trimmed this really doesn't reflect the actual article contents.

To get better content I could use web scraping and use RSS as link list and fetch contents directly from website, but for this simple example this will suffice.

There are couple of requirements we need to install before we continue:

- `pip3 install feedparser` (parses RSS feed from url)
- `pip3 install vaderSentiment` (does sentiment polarity analysis)
- `pip3 install matplotlib` (plots chart of results)

So first we need to fetch RSS data and sanitize HTML content from description.

```python
import re
import feedparser

feed_url = "https://www.theguardian.com/world/rss"
feed = feedparser.parse(feed_url)

# sanitize html
for item in feed.entries:
    item.description = re.sub('<[^<]+?>', '', item.description)
```

## Perform sentiment analysis

Since we now have cleaned up data in our `feed.entries` object we can start with performing sentiment analysis.

There are many sentiment analysis libraries available that range from rule-based sentiment analysis up to machine learning supported analysis. To keep things simple I decided to use rule-based analysis library [vaderSentiment](https://github.com/cjhutto/vaderSentiment) from [C.J. Hutto](https://github.com/cjhutto). Really nice library and quite easy to use.

```python
from vaderSentiment.vaderSentiment import SentimentIntensityAnalyzer
analyser = SentimentIntensityAnalyzer()

sentiment_results = []
for item in feed.entries:
    sentiment_title = analyser.polarity_scores(item.title)
    sentiment_description = analyser.polarity_scores(item.description)
    sentiment_results.append([sentiment_title['compound'], sentiment_description['compound']])
```

Now that we have this data in a shape that is compatible with matplotlib we can plot results to see the difference between title and description sentiment of an article.

```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15, 3)
plt.plot(sentiment_results, drawstyle='steps')
plt.title('Sentiment analysis relationship between title and description (Guardian World News)')
plt.legend(['title', 'description'])
plt.show()
```

## Results and assets

1. Because of the small sample size further conclusions are impossible to make.
2. Rule-based approach may not be the best way of doing this. By using deep learning we would be able to get better insights.
3. **Next step would be to** periodically fetch RSS items and store them over a longer period of time and then perform analysis again and use either machine learning or deep learning on top of it.

![Relationship between title and description](/files/sentiment-analysis/guardian-sa-title-desc-relationship.png)

Figure above displays difference between title and description sentiment for specific RSS feed item. 1 means positive and -1 means negative sentiment.

[» Download Jupyter Notebook](/files/sentiment-analysis/sentiment-analysis.ipynb)

## Going further

- [Twitter Sentiment Analysis by Bryan Schwierzke](https://github.com/bswiss/news_mood)
- [AFINN-based sentiment analysis for Node.js by Andrew Sliwinski](https://github.com/thisandagain/sentiment)
- [Sentiment Analysis with LSTMs in Tensorflow by Adit Deshpande](https://github.com/adeshpande3/LSTM-Sentiment-Analysis)
- [Sentiment analysis on tweets using Naive Bayes, SVM, CNN, LSTM, etc. by Abdul Fatir](https://github.com/abdulfatir/twitter-sentiment-analysis)