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1<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="JBMAFP - github.com/mitjafelicijan/jbmafp"><link href="data:image/x-icon;base64,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" rel=icon type=image/x-icon><title>Profiling Python web applications with visual tools</title><meta name=description content="I have been profiling my software with KCachegrind for a long time now and I wasmissing this option when I am developing API&amp;#39;s or other web services."><meta name=author content="Mitja Felicijan"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Mitja Felicijan's posts" href=https://mitjafelicijan.com/index.xml><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Mitja Felicijan's notes" href=https://mitjafelicijan.com/notes.xml><style>:root{--border-color:gainsboro;--border-size:2px;--link-color:blue;--bg-color:#eee}*::selection{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff}*::-moz-selection{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff}*::-webkit-selection{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff}body{padding:2.5rem;max-width:1900px;background:#fff;font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.35rem;font-size:16px}hr{border:0;border-bottom:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);margin-block-start:1.5rem}a{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}h1,h2,h3{line-height:initial}h1{font-size:xx-large}footer{margin-block-start:2rem}cap{text-transform:capitalize}blockquote{font-style:italic}table{max-width:100%;border:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0}table thead tr th{border-bottom:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);text-align:left}table th,table td{padding:.5em .8em}ul.list li{padding:.2em 0}ul{line-height:1.35em}pre{text-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding:0 1em;border:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color)}code{padding:0 3px;font-size:14px;border:0;background:var(--bg-color)}pre code{line-height:1.3em;background:#fff}pre,code,pre *,code *{font-family:monospace}figure{margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:0}figcaption{width:800px;max-width:100%;text-align:center}figcaption p{margin:.3em 0 1.5em;font-style:italic}img,video,audio{width:800px;max-width:100%;border:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);padding:.5em}header nav{display:flex;gap:.9rem}article iframe{margin:0!important}audio::-webkit-media-controls-enclosure{border-radius:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){body{padding:.5em;word-wrap:break-word}header nav{gap:.7rem}header nav .hob{display:none}a{word-wrap:break-word}}</style><header><nav class=main itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement role=toolbar><a href=/>Home</a> 1<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="JBMAFP - github.com/mitjafelicijan/jbmafp"><link href="data:image/x-icon;base64,AAABAAEAEBAAAAEAIABoBAAAFgAAACgAAAAQAAAAIAAAAAEAIAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAL69vf8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAv76+/8LBwQkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC+vb3/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAL+9vf/Bv78JAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAu7q6/wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC7ubr/vr29CAAAAAAAAAAAy8nJAZ6foP8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAnqGj/6GipAoAAAAAHLjU/xcXHf/BwsL/I8XY/yPK3v8XGiD/IbjL/yPF2f8XGiD/Fxkf/yLF2f8gnK3/Fxog/62ztv8fwNf/FRcd/x271v8mz93/GRsi/xkXHf8p097/GiIp/xobIv8p0t3/KdPe/xocIv8fYmr/KNPe/xoZH/8aHCL/J87c/xy81/8VFxz/IsPZ/8zS0/8XGiD/Ir/R/yPH2/8XGiD/Fxkf/yPH2/8dd4T/GBog/yPJ3f8jyNr/uru9/xcUGv8cudb/EhITDKi5vRKlvMP/RUpOERwcHRAdOj4QHTk8EBwdHRAdNTgQHTo/EBwcHRAcHB0QSGduEKW4vf+koqQfHzg+EBqz0ewSFRv7EyMr/xq51vsTERb7ExUb+xq41fsau9j7ExUb+xiPp/sZudb7ExUb+xMVG/sZuNX/GKvI/BIUGfMdvdn/IrfL/xcaIP8n1eb/J9Dh/xkcIf8ZGR7/J8/f/xxCSv8ZGyH/J9Dg/ybQ4P8ZHCL/FSQs/yPK3/8UExj/GE1b/ybS5P8ZGB7/Ghwj/ynW5P8p2Ob/Ghwi/yWrtv8p1eH/Ghwi/xocIv8p1uT/J8XT/xkcIv8m1un/Hb7d/xUYH/8hzOr/HtHu/xcaIf8XGB//I8vi/xgxOv8XGSD/I8rg/yPK4P8XGiD/GUFL/yPP6f8SERj/Fhkh/x3A4f8AAAAAJ2f9/ydr//8mZPH/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAlYu38J2v//ydo/f8AAAAAAAAAAAd8/fkFqf//Iob8sAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMY39awWr//8FfP3/AAAAAAAAAAAFm/7/SfD//wR+/f8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOB/f9B7v//BaX+/wAAAAAAAAAAQ878SAyZ/v9n1v4KAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADu9v8DDJb+/z3N/XgAAAAA3/sAAN/7AADf+wAA3/sAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAN/7AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAj/EAAI/5AACP8QAA3/sAAA==" rel=icon type=image/x-icon><title>Profiling Python web applications with visual tools</title><meta name=description content="I have been profiling my software with KCachegrind for a long time now and I wasmissing this option when I am developing API&amp;#39;s or other web services."><meta name=author content="Mitja Felicijan"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Mitja Felicijan's posts" href=https://mitjafelicijan.com/index.xml><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Mitja Felicijan's notes" href=https://mitjafelicijan.com/notes.xml><style>:root{--border-color:gainsboro;--border-size:2px;--link-color:blue;--bg-color:#eee}*::selection{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff}*::-moz-selection{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff}*::-webkit-selection{background:var(--link-color);color:#fff}body{padding:2.5rem;max-width:1900px;background:#fff;font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.35rem;font-size:16px}hr{border:0;border-bottom:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);margin-block-start:1.5rem}a{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}h1,h2,h3{line-height:initial}h1{font-size:xx-large}footer{margin-block-start:2rem}cap{text-transform:capitalize}blockquote{font-style:italic}table{max-width:100%;border:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0}table thead tr th{border-bottom:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);text-align:left}table th,table td{padding:.5em .8em}ul.list li{padding:.2em 0}ul{line-height:1.35em}pre{text-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding:0 1em;border:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color)}code{padding:0 3px;font-size:14px;border:0;background:var(--bg-color)}pre code{line-height:1.3em;background:#fff}pre,code,pre *,code *{font-family:monospace}figure{margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:0}figcaption{width:800px;max-width:100%;text-align:center}figcaption p{margin:.3em 0 1.5em;font-style:italic}img,video,audio{width:800px;max-width:100%;border:var(--border-size)solid var(--border-color);padding:.5em}header nav{display:flex;gap:.9rem}article iframe{margin:0!important}audio::-webkit-media-controls-enclosure{border-radius:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){body{padding:.5em;word-wrap:break-word}header nav{gap:.7rem}header nav .hob{display:none}a{word-wrap:break-word}}</style><header><nav class=main itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement role=navigation aria-label="Main navigation"><a href=/>Home</a>
2<a href=/#posts>Posts</a> 2<a href=/#posts>Posts</a>
3<a href=/#notes>Notes</a> 3<a href=/#notes>Notes</a>
4<a href=/#sideprojects class=hob>Side Projects</a> 4<a href=/#sideprojects class=hob>Side Projects</a>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
10missing this option when I am developing API's or other web services. I always 10missing this option when I am developing API's or other web services. I always
11knew that this is possible but never really took the time and dive into it.<p>Before we begin there are some requirements. We will need to:<ul><li>implement <a href=https://docs.python.org/2/library/profile.html#module-cProfile>cProfile</a> into our web app,<li>convert output to <a href=http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html>callgrind</a> format with <a href=https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyprof2calltree/>pyprof2calltree</a>,<li>visualize data with <a href=http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/html/Home.html>KCachegrind</a> or <a href=http://www.profilingviewer.com/>Profiling Viewer</a>.</ul><p>If you are using MacOS you should check out <a href=http://www.profilingviewer.com/>Profiling 11knew that this is possible but never really took the time and dive into it.<p>Before we begin there are some requirements. We will need to:<ul><li>implement <a href=https://docs.python.org/2/library/profile.html#module-cProfile>cProfile</a> into our web app,<li>convert output to <a href=http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html>callgrind</a> format with <a href=https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyprof2calltree/>pyprof2calltree</a>,<li>visualize data with <a href=http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/html/Home.html>KCachegrind</a> or <a href=http://www.profilingviewer.com/>Profiling Viewer</a>.</ul><p>If you are using MacOS you should check out <a href=http://www.profilingviewer.com/>Profiling
12Viewer</a> or 12Viewer</a> or
13<a href=http://www.maccallgrind.com/>MacCallGrind</a>.<figure><img loading="lazy" src=/posts/python-profiling/kcachegrind.png alt=KCachegrind></figure><p>We will be dividing this post into two main categories:<ul><li>writing simple web-service,<li>visualize profile of this web-service.</ul><h2 id=simple-web-service>Simple web-service</h2><p>Let's use virtualenv so we won't pollute our base system. If you don't have 13<a href=http://www.maccallgrind.com/>MacCallGrind</a>.<figure><img src=/posts/python-profiling/kcachegrind.png alt=KCachegrind></figure><p>We will be dividing this post into two main categories:<ul><li>writing simple web-service,<li>visualize profile of this web-service.</ul><h2 id=simple-web-service>Simple web-service</h2><p>Let's use virtualenv so we won't pollute our base system. If you don't have
14virtualenv installed on your system you can install it with pip command.<pre tabindex=0 style=background-color:#fff><code><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># let&#39;s install virtualenv globally</span> 14virtualenv installed on your system you can install it with pip command.<pre tabindex=0 style=background-color:#fff><code><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># let&#39;s install virtualenv globally</span>
15</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>$ sudo pip install virtualenv 15</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>$ sudo pip install virtualenv
16</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> 16</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ subfolder.<h2 id=visualize-profile>Visualize profile</h2><p>Now let's create cal
105</span></span></code></pre><p>This file can be opened with visualizing tools listed above. In this case we 105</span></span></code></pre><p>This file can be opened with visualizing tools listed above. In this case we
106will be using Profilling Viewer under MacOS. You can open image in new tab. As 106will be using Profilling Viewer under MacOS. You can open image in new tab. As
107you can see from this example there is hierarchy of execution order of your 107you can see from this example there is hierarchy of execution order of your
108code.<figure><img loading="lazy" src=/posts/python-profiling/profiling-viewer.png alt="Profilling Viewer"></figure><blockquote><p>Make sure you convert output of the cProfile output every time you want to 108code.<figure><img src=/posts/python-profiling/profiling-viewer.png alt="Profilling Viewer"></figure><blockquote><p>Make sure you convert output of the cProfile output every time you want to
109refresh and take a look at your possible optimizations because cProfile updates 109refresh and take a look at your possible optimizations because cProfile updates
110.prof file every time browser hits the function.</blockquote><p>This is just a simple example but when you are developing real-life applications 110.prof file every time browser hits the function.</blockquote><p>This is just a simple example but when you are developing real-life applications
111this can be very illuminating, especially to see which parts of your code are 111this can be very illuminating, especially to see which parts of your code are
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ module.<div class=reddit-embed data-embed-media=www.redditmedia.com data-embed-p
121</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>$ snakeviz awesome_random_number.prof 121</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>$ snakeviz awesome_random_number.prof
122</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># this automatically opens browser window and</span> 122</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># this automatically opens browser window and</span>
123</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># shows visualized profile</span> 123</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># shows visualized profile</span>
124</span></span></code></pre><figure><img loading="lazy" src=/posts/python-profiling/snakeviz.png alt=SnakeViz></figure><p>Reddit user <a href=https://www.reddit.com/user/ccharles>ccharles</a> suggested a better 124</span></span></code></pre><figure><img src=/posts/python-profiling/snakeviz.png alt=SnakeViz></figure><p>Reddit user <a href=https://www.reddit.com/user/ccharles>ccharles</a> suggested a better
125way for installing pip software by targeting user level instead of using sudo.<div class=reddit-embed data-embed-media=www.redditmedia.com data-embed-parent=false data-embed-live=false data-embed-uuid=f4f0459e-684d-441e-bebe-eb49b2f0a31d data-embed-created=2017-04-22T19:46:10.874Z><a href=https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/66v373/profiling_python_web_applications_with_visual/dglpzkx/>Comment</a> from discussion <a href=https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/66v373/profiling_python_web_applications_with_visual/>Profiling Python web applications with visual tools</a>.</div><script async src=https://www.redditstatic.com/comment-embed.js></script><pre tabindex=0 style=background-color:#fff><code><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># now we need to add this path to our $PATH variable</span> 125way for installing pip software by targeting user level instead of using sudo.<div class=reddit-embed data-embed-media=www.redditmedia.com data-embed-parent=false data-embed-live=false data-embed-uuid=f4f0459e-684d-441e-bebe-eb49b2f0a31d data-embed-created=2017-04-22T19:46:10.874Z><a href=https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/66v373/profiling_python_web_applications_with_visual/dglpzkx/>Comment</a> from discussion <a href=https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/66v373/profiling_python_web_applications_with_visual/>Profiling Python web applications with visual tools</a>.</div><script async src=https://www.redditstatic.com/comment-embed.js></script><pre tabindex=0 style=background-color:#fff><code><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># now we need to add this path to our $PATH variable</span>
126</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># we do this my adding this line at the end of your</span> 126</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># we do this my adding this line at the end of your</span>
127</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># ~/.bashrc file</span> 127</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green># ~/.bashrc file</span>
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