1#include "llama-sampler.h"
   2
   3#include "llama-impl.h"
   4#include "llama-vocab.h"
   5#include "llama-grammar.h"
   6
   7#include "ggml-cpp.h"
   8
   9#include <array>
  10#include <algorithm>
  11#include <cassert>
  12#include <cfloat>
  13#include <chrono>
  14#include <cmath>
  15#include <cstdlib>
  16#include <cstring>
  17#include <ctime>
  18#include <numeric>
  19#include <random>
  20#include <unordered_map>
  21#include <stdexcept>
  22
  23// the ring buffer works similarly to std::deque, but with a fixed capacity
  24template<typename T>
  25struct ring_buffer {
  26    ring_buffer(size_t cap) : capacity(cap), data(cap) {}
  27
  28    T & front() {
  29        if (sz == 0) {
  30            throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer is empty");
  31        }
  32        return data[first];
  33    }
  34
  35    const T & front() const {
  36        if (sz == 0) {
  37            throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer is empty");
  38        }
  39        return data[first];
  40    }
  41
  42    T & back() {
  43        if (sz == 0) {
  44            throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer is empty");
  45        }
  46        return data[pos];
  47    }
  48
  49    const T & back() const {
  50        if (sz == 0) {
  51            throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer is empty");
  52        }
  53        return data[pos];
  54    }
  55
  56    void push_back(const T & value) {
  57        if (capacity == 0) {
  58            throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer: capacity is zero");
  59        }
  60
  61        if (sz == capacity) {
  62            // advance the start when buffer is full
  63            first = (first + 1) % capacity;
  64        } else {
  65            sz++;
  66        }
  67        data[pos] = value;
  68        pos = (pos + 1) % capacity;
  69    }
  70
  71    T pop_front() {
  72        if (sz == 0) {
  73            throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer is empty");
  74        }
  75        T value = data[first];
  76        first = (first + 1) % capacity;
  77        sz--;
  78        return value;
  79    }
  80
  81    //T & operator[](size_t i) {
  82    //    if (i >= sz) {
  83    //        throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer: index out of bounds");
  84    //    }
  85    //    return data[(first + i) % capacity];
  86    //}
  87
  88    //const T & at(size_t i) const {
  89    //    if (i >= sz) {
  90    //        throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer: index out of bounds");
  91    //    }
  92    //    return data[(first + i) % capacity];
  93    //}
  94
  95    const T & rat(size_t i) const {
  96        if (i >= sz) {
  97            throw std::runtime_error("ring buffer: index out of bounds");
  98        }
  99        return data[(first + sz - i - 1) % capacity];
 100    }
 101
 102    std::vector<T> to_vector() const {
 103        std::vector<T> result;
 104        result.reserve(sz);
 105        for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
 106            result.push_back(data[(first + i) % capacity]);
 107        }
 108        return result;
 109    }
 110
 111    void clear() {
 112        // here only reset the status of the buffer
 113        sz = 0;
 114        first = 0;
 115        pos = 0;
 116    }
 117
 118    bool empty() const {
 119        return sz == 0;
 120    }
 121
 122    size_t size() const {
 123        return sz;
 124    }
 125
 126    size_t capacity = 0;
 127    size_t sz = 0;
 128    size_t first = 0;
 129    size_t pos = 0;
 130
 131    std::vector<T> data;
 132};
 133
 134// writes result in res, does not mutate cur
 135static void llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(const llama_token_data_array & cur, int npartial, std::vector<llama_token_data> & res) {
 136    static const auto comp = [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
 137        return a.logit > b.logit;
 138    };
 139
 140    constexpr int   nbuckets     = 128;
 141    constexpr float bucket_low   = -10.0f;
 142    constexpr float bucket_high  =  10.0f;
 143    constexpr float bucket_scale = nbuckets/(bucket_high - bucket_low);
 144    constexpr float bucket_inter = -bucket_low * bucket_scale;
 145
 146    std::vector<int> bucket_idx;
 147    std::vector<int> histo(nbuckets, 0);
 148
 149    std::vector<llama_token_data*> bucket_ptrs;
 150
 151    bucket_idx.reserve(cur.size);
 152
 153    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cur.size; ++i) {
 154        const float val = cur.data[i].logit;
 155        int ib = int(bucket_scale * val + bucket_inter); //nbuckets * (val - bucket_low) / (bucket_high - bucket_low);
 156        ib = std::max(0, std::min(nbuckets - 1, ib));
 157        bucket_idx.push_back(ib);
 158        ++histo[ib];
 159    }
 160    int nhave = 0;
 161    int ib = nbuckets - 1;
 162    for ( ; ib >= 0; --ib) {
 163        nhave += histo[ib];
 164        if (nhave >= npartial) {
 165            break;
 166        }
 167    }
 168    res.resize(nhave);
 169    auto * ptr = res.data();
 170    bucket_ptrs.reserve(nbuckets - ib);
 171    for (int j = nbuckets - 1; j >= ib; --j) {
 172        bucket_ptrs.push_back(ptr);
 173        ptr += histo[j];
 174    }
 175    for (int i = 0; i < (int)cur.size; ++i) {
 176        int j = bucket_idx[i];
 177        if (j >= ib) {
 178            *bucket_ptrs[nbuckets - 1 - j]++ = cur.data[i];
 179        }
 180    }
 181
 182    ptr = res.data();
 183    int ndone = 0;
 184    for (int j = nbuckets - 1; j > ib; --j) {
 185        std::sort(ptr, ptr + histo[j], comp);
 186        ptr += histo[j];
 187        ndone += histo[j];
 188    }
 189    std::partial_sort(ptr, ptr + npartial - ndone, ptr + histo[ib], comp);
 190}
 191
 192// reduces the size of cur_p to npartial, keeping only the top npartial elements
 193static void llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, int npartial) {
 194    static const auto comp = [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
 195        return a.logit > b.logit;
 196    };
 197
 198    if (npartial <= 128) {
 199        std::partial_sort(cur_p->data, cur_p->data + npartial, cur_p->data + cur_p->size, comp);
 200
 201        cur_p->size = npartial;
 202        cur_p->sorted = true;
 203
 204        return;
 205    }
 206
 207    std::vector<llama_token_data> tmp;
 208
 209    llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(*cur_p, npartial, tmp);
 210
 211    std::copy(tmp.data(), tmp.data() + npartial, cur_p->data);
 212
 213    cur_p->size = npartial;
 214    cur_p->sorted = true;
 215}
 216
 217static int llama_sample_dist(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, std::mt19937 & rng) {
 218    // iterator for the probabilities
 219#ifdef __GNUC__
 220    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 221    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-local-typedefs"
 222#endif
 223
 224    struct probs_iterator {
 225        typedef std::input_iterator_tag iterator_category;
 226        typedef float value_type;
 227        typedef float * pointer;
 228        typedef float & reference;
 229        typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
 230
 231        const llama_token_data * data;
 232
 233        bool operator==(const probs_iterator & other) const { return data == other.data; }
 234        bool operator!=(const probs_iterator & other) const { return data != other.data; }
 235        const float & operator*() const { return data->p; }
 236        probs_iterator & operator++() { ++data; return *this; }
 237        probs_iterator operator++(int) { probs_iterator tmp = *this; ++data; return tmp; }
 238    };
 239
 240#ifdef __GNUC__
 241    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 242#endif
 243
 244    std::discrete_distribution<int> dist(probs_iterator{cur_p->data}, probs_iterator{cur_p->data + cur_p->size});
 245
 246    return dist(rng);
 247}
 248
 249/*
 250static void llama_log_softmax(float * array, size_t size) {
 251    float max_l = *std::max_element(array, array + size);
 252    float sum = 0.f;
 253    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
 254        float p = expf(array[i] - max_l);
 255        sum += p;
 256        array[i] = p;
 257    }
 258
 259    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
 260        array[i] = logf(array[i] / sum);
 261    }
 262}
 263*/
 264
 265static void llama_sampler_temp_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, float temp) {
 266    if (temp <= 0.0f) {
 267        // find the token with the highest logit and set the rest to -inf
 268        size_t max_i = 0;
 269        float  max_l = cur_p->data[0].logit;
 270
 271        for (size_t i = 1; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
 272            if (cur_p->data[i    ].logit > max_l) {
 273                cur_p->data[max_i].logit = -INFINITY;
 274                max_i = i;
 275                max_l = cur_p->data[i].logit;
 276            } else {
 277                cur_p->data[i].logit = -INFINITY;
 278            }
 279        }
 280
 281        return;
 282    }
 283
 284    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
 285        cur_p->data[i].logit /= temp;
 286    }
 287}
 288
 289static void llama_sampler_softmax_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, bool do_sort) {
 290    GGML_ASSERT(cur_p->size > 0);
 291
 292    // Sort the logits in descending order if requested
 293    if (do_sort && !cur_p->sorted) {
 294        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, cur_p->size);
 295    }
 296
 297    float max_l = cur_p->data[0].logit;
 298    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
 299        for (size_t i = 1; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
 300            max_l = std::max(max_l, cur_p->data[i].logit);
 301        }
 302    }
 303
 304    float cum_sum = 0.0f;
 305
 306    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
 307        float p = expf(cur_p->data[i].logit - max_l);
 308        cur_p->data[i].p = p;
 309        cum_sum += p;
 310    }
 311
 312    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
 313        cur_p->data[i].p /= cum_sum;
 314    }
 315}
 316
 317static void llama_sampler_top_k_impl(llama_token_data_array * cur_p, int32_t k) {
 318    // if (k >= (int32_t)cur_p->size) {
 319    //     return;
 320    // }
 321
 322    if (k <= 0) {
 323        return;
 324    }
 325
 326    k = std::min(k, (int) cur_p->size);
 327
 328    // Sort scores in descending order
 329    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
 330        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, k);
 331    }
 332
 333    cur_p->size = k;
 334}
 335
 336static uint32_t get_rng_seed(uint32_t seed) {
 337    if (seed == LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED) {
 338        // use system clock if std::random_device is not a true RNG
 339        static bool is_rd_prng = std::random_device().entropy() == 0;
 340        if (is_rd_prng) {
 341            return (uint32_t) std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
 342        }
 343        std::random_device rd;
 344        return rd();
 345    }
 346    return seed;
 347}
 348
 349// llama_sampler API
 350
 351struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init(
 352        struct llama_sampler_i * iface,
 353        llama_sampler_context_t ctx) {
 354    return new llama_sampler {
 355        /* .iface = */ iface,
 356        /* .ctx   = */ ctx,
 357    };
 358}
 359
 360const char * llama_sampler_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 361    if (!smpl->iface) {
 362        return "(null)";
 363    }
 364
 365    return smpl->iface->name(smpl);
 366}
 367
 368void llama_sampler_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
 369    if (!smpl) {
 370        return;
 371    }
 372
 373    if (smpl->iface->accept) {
 374        smpl->iface->accept(smpl, token);
 375    }
 376}
 377
 378void llama_sampler_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, struct llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
 379    if (!smpl) {
 380        return;
 381    }
 382
 383    GGML_ASSERT(smpl->iface->apply);
 384    smpl->iface->apply(smpl, cur_p);
 385}
 386
 387void llama_sampler_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 388    if (!smpl) {
 389        return;
 390    }
 391
 392    if (smpl->iface->reset) {
 393        smpl->iface->reset(smpl);
 394    }
 395}
 396
 397struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 398    if (!smpl) {
 399        return nullptr;
 400    }
 401
 402    if (smpl->iface->clone) {
 403        return smpl->iface->clone(smpl);
 404    }
 405
 406    if (smpl->ctx == nullptr) {
 407        return llama_sampler_init(
 408            /* .iface = */ smpl->iface,
 409            /* .ctx   = */ nullptr
 410        );
 411    }
 412
 413    GGML_ABORT("the sampler does not support cloning");
 414}
 415
 416void llama_sampler_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 417    if (smpl == nullptr) {
 418        return;
 419    }
 420
 421    if (smpl->iface->free) {
 422        smpl->iface->free(smpl);
 423    }
 424
 425    delete smpl;
 426}
 427
 428// empty sampler
 429
 430struct llama_sampler_empty {
 431    const char * name;
 432};
 433
 434static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_empty(const char * name);
 435
 436static const char * llama_sampler_empty_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 437    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_empty *) smpl->ctx;
 438    return ctx->name;
 439}
 440
 441static void llama_sampler_empty_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
 442    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 443    GGML_UNUSED(token);
 444}
 445
 446static void llama_sampler_empty_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
 447    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 448    GGML_UNUSED(cur_p);
 449}
 450
 451static void llama_sampler_empty_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 452    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 453}
 454
 455static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_empty_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 456    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_empty *) smpl->ctx;
 457    return llama_sampler_init_empty(ctx->name);
 458}
 459
 460static void llama_sampler_empty_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 461    delete (llama_sampler_empty *) smpl->ctx;
 462}
 463
 464static bool llama_sampler_empty_backend_init(
 465        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
 466        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
 467    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 468    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 469
 470    return true;
 471}
 472
 473static void llama_sampler_empty_backend_accept(
 474        struct llama_sampler * smpl,
 475        ggml_context * ctx,
 476        ggml_cgraph * gf,
 477        struct ggml_tensor * selected_token) {
 478    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 479    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
 480    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
 481    GGML_UNUSED(selected_token);
 482}
 483
 484static void llama_sampler_empty_backend_apply(
 485          struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
 486          struct ggml_context       * ctx,
 487          struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
 488          struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
 489    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 490    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
 491    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
 492    GGML_UNUSED(data);
 493}
 494
 495static void llama_sampler_empty_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 496    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 497}
 498
 499static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_empty_i = {
 500    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_empty_name,
 501    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_empty_accept,
 502    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_empty_apply,
 503    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_empty_reset,
 504    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_empty_clone,
 505    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_empty_free,
 506    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_init,
 507    /* .backend_accept    = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_accept,
 508    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_apply,
 509    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_empty_backend_set_input,
 510};
 511
 512struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_empty(const char * name) {
 513    return llama_sampler_init(
 514        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_empty_i,
 515        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_empty {
 516            /* .name = */ name,
 517        }
 518    );
 519}
 520
 521// common backend sampler functionality
 522//
 523// +name : means that the sampler is support and will run on the backend
 524// -name : means that a ggml operator is not supported by the backend
 525//
 526struct llama_sampler_backend {
 527    llama_sampler_backend(const char * name) : name(name), name_ext(name), is_init(false), support(false) {}
 528
 529    const char * get_name() {
 530        if (!is_init) {
 531            return name.c_str();
 532        }
 533
 534        if (support) {
 535            name_ext = "+" + name;
 536        } else {
 537            name_ext = "-" + name;
 538        }
 539
 540        return name_ext.c_str();
 541    }
 542
 543    void init(bool support) {
 544        GGML_ASSERT(this->is_init == false);
 545
 546        this->is_init = true;
 547        this->support = support;
 548    }
 549
 550private:
 551    std::string name;
 552    std::string name_ext;
 553
 554    bool is_init;
 555    bool support;
 556};
 557
 558// check if all ggml ops used by the sampler are supported by the backend
 559static bool llama_sampler_backend_support(
 560        llama_sampler              * smpl,
 561        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
 562    auto * device = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
 563    if (!device) {
 564        // CPU backend always supported
 565        return true;
 566    }
 567
 568    ggml_init_params params = {
 569        /*.mem_size   =*/ 128*ggml_tensor_overhead() + ggml_graph_overhead(),
 570        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
 571        /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
 572    };
 573
 574    ggml_context_ptr ctx_ptr { ggml_init(params) };
 575    if (!ctx_ptr) {
 576        throw std::runtime_error(format("failed to create ggml context"));
 577    }
 578
 579    ggml_context * ctx = ctx_ptr.get();
 580
 581    const int64_t n = 1024*1024;
 582
 583    llama_sampler_data data = {
 584        /*.logits     = */ ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n),
 585        /*.probs      = */ nullptr,
 586        /*.sampled    = */ nullptr,
 587        /*.candidates = */ ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n),
 588    };
 589
 590    ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx);
 591
 592    smpl->iface->backend_apply(smpl, ctx, gf, &data);
 593
 594    if (data.logits) {
 595        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.logits);
 596    }
 597
 598    if (data.probs) {
 599        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.probs);
 600    }
 601
 602    if (data.sampled) {
 603        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.sampled);
 604    }
 605
 606    if (data.candidates) {
 607        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, data.candidates);
 608    }
 609
 610    for (int i = 0; i < ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf); i++) {
 611        struct ggml_tensor * op = ggml_graph_node(gf, i);
 612
 613        if (!ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(device, op)) {
 614            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: device '%s' does not have support for op %s needed for sampler '%s'\n",
 615                    __func__, ggml_backend_dev_name(device), ggml_op_name(op->op), smpl->iface->name(smpl));
 616
 617            return false;
 618        }
 619    }
 620
 621    return true;
 622}
 623
 624// sampler chain
 625
 626static const char * llama_sampler_chain_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
 627    return "chain";
 628}
 629
 630static void llama_sampler_chain_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
 631    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 632
 633    time_meas tm(chain->t_sample_us, chain->params.no_perf);
 634
 635    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 636        llama_sampler_accept(smpl.ptr, token);
 637    }
 638
 639    chain->n_sample++;
 640}
 641
 642static void llama_sampler_chain_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
 643    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 644
 645    time_meas tm(chain->t_sample_us, chain->params.no_perf);
 646
 647    bool is_backend = chain->is_init;
 648
 649    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 650        if (is_backend && smpl.is_backend) {
 651            continue;
 652        }
 653
 654        is_backend = false;
 655
 656        if (smpl.ptr->iface->apply == nullptr) {
 657            continue;
 658        }
 659
 660        llama_sampler_apply(smpl.ptr, cur_p);
 661    }
 662}
 663
 664static void llama_sampler_chain_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 665    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 666
 667    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 668        llama_sampler_reset(smpl.ptr);
 669    }
 670}
 671
 672static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 673    const auto * chain_src = (const llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 674
 675    auto * result = llama_sampler_chain_init(chain_src->params);
 676
 677    for (const auto & smpl : chain_src->samplers) {
 678        llama_sampler_chain_add(result, llama_sampler_clone(smpl.ptr));
 679    }
 680
 681    return result;
 682}
 683
 684static void llama_sampler_chain_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 685    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 686
 687    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 688        llama_sampler_free(smpl.ptr);
 689    }
 690
 691    delete chain;
 692}
 693
 694static bool llama_sampler_chain_backend_init(
 695        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
 696        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
 697    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 698
 699    GGML_ASSERT(chain->is_init == false && "llama_sampler_chain_backend_init() called twice");
 700
 701    chain->is_init = true;
 702
 703    bool res = true;
 704
 705    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 706        bool res_cur = true;
 707
 708        // to be able to run a sampler on the backend, it has to:
 709        // - have the .backend_init() API implemented
 710        // - return true during .backend_init()
 711        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_init) {
 712            if (!smpl.ptr->iface->backend_init(smpl.ptr, buft)) {
 713                res_cur = false;
 714            }
 715        } else {
 716            res_cur = false;
 717        }
 718
 719        smpl.is_backend = res_cur;
 720
 721        res = res && res_cur;
 722    }
 723
 724    return res;
 725}
 726
 727static void llama_sampler_chain_backend_accept(
 728        struct llama_sampler * smpl,
 729        ggml_context * ctx,
 730        ggml_cgraph * gf,
 731        struct ggml_tensor * selected_token) {
 732    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 733
 734    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 735        if (!smpl.is_backend) {
 736            break;
 737        }
 738
 739        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_accept) {
 740            smpl.ptr->iface->backend_accept(smpl.ptr, ctx, gf, selected_token);
 741        }
 742    }
 743}
 744
 745static void llama_sampler_chain_backend_apply(
 746          struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
 747          struct ggml_context       * ctx,
 748          struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
 749          struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
 750    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 751
 752    GGML_ASSERT(chain->is_init && "llama_sampler_chain_backend_init() not called");
 753
 754    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 755        if (!smpl.is_backend) {
 756            break;
 757        }
 758
 759        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_apply) {
 760            smpl.ptr->iface->backend_apply(smpl.ptr, ctx, gf, data);
 761        }
 762    }
 763}
 764
 765static void llama_sampler_chain_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 766    auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 767
 768    for (auto & smpl : chain->samplers) {
 769        if (!smpl.is_backend) {
 770            break;
 771        }
 772
 773        if (smpl.ptr->iface->backend_set_input) {
 774            smpl.ptr->iface->backend_set_input(smpl.ptr);
 775        }
 776    }
 777}
 778
 779static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_chain_i = {
 780    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_chain_name,
 781    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_chain_accept,
 782    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_chain_apply,
 783    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_chain_reset,
 784    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_chain_clone,
 785    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_chain_free,
 786    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_init,
 787    /* .backend_accept    = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_accept,
 788    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_apply,
 789    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_chain_backend_set_input,
 790};
 791
 792struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_init(struct llama_sampler_chain_params params) {
 793    return llama_sampler_init(
 794        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_chain_i,
 795        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_chain {
 796            /* .params      = */ params,
 797            /* .is_init     = */ false,
 798            /* .samplers    = */ {},
 799            /* .cur         = */ {},
 800            /* .t_sample_us = */ 0,
 801            /* .n_sample    = */ 0,
 802        }
 803    );
 804}
 805
 806llama_token llama_sampler_sample(struct llama_sampler * smpl, struct llama_context * ctx, int32_t idx) {
 807    const llama_token   sampled_token  = llama_get_sampled_token_ith     (ctx, idx);
 808    const float *       sampled_probs  = llama_get_sampled_probs_ith     (ctx, idx);
 809    const float *       sampled_logits = llama_get_sampled_logits_ith    (ctx, idx);
 810    const llama_token * sampled_ids    = llama_get_sampled_candidates_ith(ctx, idx);
 811
 812    // If a backend sampler has already sampled a token, return it.
 813    if (sampled_token != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
 814        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: Backend sampler selected token for idx %d. Skipping CPU samplers\n", __func__, idx);
 815        return sampled_token;
 816    }
 817
 818    const llama_model * model = llama_get_model(ctx);
 819    const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
 820
 821    const int n_vocab = llama_vocab_n_tokens(vocab);
 822
 823    // use pre-allocated buffer from chain if available, otherwise allocate locally
 824    std::vector<llama_token_data> * cur_ptr;
 825    std::vector<llama_token_data> cur_local;
 826
 827    if (smpl->iface == &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
 828        auto * chain = (llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
 829        cur_ptr = &chain->cur;
 830    } else {
 831        cur_ptr = &cur_local;
 832    }
 833
 834    auto & cur = *cur_ptr;
 835
 836    if (sampled_probs) {
 837        const uint32_t sampled_probs_count = llama_get_sampled_probs_count_ith(ctx, idx);
 838        cur.resize(sampled_probs_count);
 839        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sampled_probs_count; ++i) {
 840            cur[i] = llama_token_data{sampled_ids[i], sampled_logits[i], sampled_probs[i]};
 841        }
 842    } else if (sampled_logits) {
 843        const uint32_t sampled_logits_count = llama_get_sampled_logits_count_ith(ctx, idx);
 844        cur.resize(sampled_logits_count);
 845        for (llama_token i = 0; i < (int)sampled_logits_count; i++) {
 846            cur[i] = llama_token_data{sampled_ids[i], sampled_logits[i], 0.0f};
 847        }
 848    } else {
 849        const auto * logits = llama_get_logits_ith(ctx, idx);
 850        GGML_ASSERT(logits != nullptr);
 851        cur.resize(n_vocab);
 852        for (llama_token token_id = 0; token_id < n_vocab; token_id++) {
 853            cur[token_id] = llama_token_data{token_id, logits[token_id], 0.0f};
 854        }
 855    }
 856
 857    llama_token_data_array cur_p = {
 858        /* .data       = */ cur.data(),
 859        /* .size       = */ cur.size(),
 860        /* .selected   = */ -1,
 861        /* .sorted     = */ false,
 862    };
 863
 864    llama_sampler_apply(smpl, &cur_p);
 865
 866    GGML_ASSERT(cur_p.selected >= 0 && cur_p.selected < (int32_t) cur_p.size);
 867
 868    auto token = cur_p.data[cur_p.selected].id;
 869
 870    llama_sampler_accept(smpl, token);
 871
 872    return token;
 873}
 874
 875
 876void llama_sampler_chain_add(struct llama_sampler * chain, struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 877    auto * p = (llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
 878    p->samplers.push_back({
 879        /* .is_backend = */ false,
 880        /* .ptr        = */ smpl,
 881    });
 882}
 883
 884struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_get(struct llama_sampler * chain, int32_t i) {
 885    if (chain == nullptr) {
 886        return nullptr;
 887    }
 888
 889    if (chain->iface != &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
 890        return nullptr;
 891    }
 892
 893    if (i == -1) {
 894        return chain;
 895    }
 896
 897    const auto * p = (const llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
 898
 899    if (i < 0 || (size_t) i >= p->samplers.size()) {
 900        return nullptr;
 901    }
 902
 903    return p->samplers[i].ptr;
 904}
 905
 906struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_chain_remove(struct llama_sampler * chain, int32_t i) {
 907    auto * p = (llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
 908
 909    if (i < 0 || (size_t) i >= p->samplers.size()) {
 910        return nullptr;
 911    }
 912
 913    auto * result = p->samplers[i].ptr;
 914    p->samplers.erase(p->samplers.begin() + i);
 915
 916    return result;
 917}
 918
 919int llama_sampler_chain_n(const struct llama_sampler * chain) {
 920    const auto * p = (const llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
 921
 922    return p->samplers.size();
 923}
 924
 925//
 926// samplers
 927//
 928
 929// greedy
 930
 931struct llama_sampler_greedy : public llama_sampler_backend {
 932};
 933
 934static const char * llama_sampler_greedy_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 935    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
 936    return sctx->get_name();
 937}
 938
 939static void llama_sampler_greedy_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 940    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
 941    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
 942}
 943
 944static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_greedy_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 945    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
 946    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_greedy();
 947
 948    // copy the state
 949    {
 950        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) result->ctx;
 951
 952        GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
 953        GGML_UNUSED(result_ctx);
 954    }
 955
 956    return result;
 957}
 958
 959static void llama_sampler_greedy_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 960    delete (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
 961}
 962
 963static void llama_sampler_greedy_apply(struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
 964    cur_p->selected = 0;
 965    for (size_t i = 1; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
 966        if (cur_p->data[i].logit > cur_p->data[cur_p->selected].logit) {
 967            cur_p->selected = i;
 968        }
 969    }
 970}
 971
 972static bool llama_sampler_greedy_backend_init(
 973        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
 974        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
 975    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_greedy *) smpl->ctx;
 976
 977    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
 978
 979    sctx->init(res);
 980
 981    return res;
 982}
 983
 984static void llama_sampler_greedy_backend_apply(
 985        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
 986        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
 987        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
 988        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
 989    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
 990    GGML_UNUSED(smpl);
 991
 992    struct ggml_tensor * curl = ggml_argmax(ctx, data->logits);
 993    ggml_set_name(curl, "greedy_argmax");
 994
 995    data->sampled = curl;
 996}
 997
 998static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_greedy_i = {
 999    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_greedy_name,
1000    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
1001    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_greedy_apply,
1002    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_greedy_reset,
1003    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_greedy_clone,
1004    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_greedy_free,
1005    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_greedy_backend_init,
1006    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
1007    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_greedy_backend_apply,
1008    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
1009};
1010
1011struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_greedy() {
1012    return llama_sampler_init(
1013        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_greedy_i,
1014        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_greedy {
1015            ("greedy"),
1016        }
1017    );
1018}
1019
1020// dist
1021
1022struct llama_sampler_dist : public llama_sampler_backend {
1023    const uint32_t seed;
1024          uint32_t seed_cur;
1025
1026    std::mt19937 rng;
1027
1028    ggml_tensor * inp_uniform;
1029};
1030
1031static const char * llama_sampler_dist_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1032    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1033    return sctx->get_name();
1034}
1035
1036static void llama_sampler_dist_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
1037    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1038
1039    // edge cases
1040    if (cur_p->size == 0) {
1041        cur_p->selected = -1;
1042        return;
1043    }
1044
1045    cur_p->selected = 0;
1046
1047    if (cur_p->size == 1) {
1048        cur_p->data[0].p = 1.0f;
1049        return;
1050    }
1051
1052    // max logit for numerical stability
1053    float max_l = cur_p->data[0].logit;
1054    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
1055        for (size_t i = 1; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1056            max_l = std::max(max_l, cur_p->data[i].logit);
1057        }
1058    }
1059
1060    // apply softmax to obtain the probabilities
1061    double sum_cum = 0.0f;
1062    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1063        float p = expf(cur_p->data[i].logit - max_l);
1064        cur_p->data[i].p = p;
1065        sum_cum += p;
1066    }
1067
1068#if 1
1069    // sample from the obtained probabilities and normalize the probs in a single pass
1070    // this is ~3x faster on Mac with full gpt-oss vocab than the version below
1071    //
1072    std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(0.0f, 1.0f);
1073    const double rnd = dist(ctx->rng);
1074
1075          double sum_run = 0.0f;
1076    const double sum_tgt = sum_cum*rnd;
1077
1078    bool found = false;
1079    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1080        if (!found) {
1081            // accumulate probs until we reach the target sum
1082            sum_run += cur_p->data[i].p;
1083            if (sum_run >= sum_tgt) {
1084                cur_p->selected = i;
1085                found = true;
1086            }
1087        }
1088
1089        // normalize probs
1090        cur_p->data[i].p /= sum_cum;
1091    }
1092
1093    // fallback to the last token (don't think this can happen)
1094    assert(found);
1095    if (!found) {
1096        cur_p->selected = cur_p->size - 1;
1097    }
1098#else
1099    // for clarity, this is the same as above but does one pass for normalization and one extra pass for sampling
1100    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1101        cur_p->data[i].p /= sum_cum;
1102    }
1103
1104    cur_p->selected = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
1105#endif
1106}
1107
1108static void llama_sampler_dist_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1109    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1110    ctx->seed_cur = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
1111    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
1112}
1113
1114static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_dist_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1115    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1116    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_dist(ctx->seed);
1117
1118    // copy the state
1119    {
1120        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) result->ctx;
1121
1122        result_ctx->rng = ctx->rng;
1123    }
1124
1125    return result;
1126}
1127
1128static void llama_sampler_dist_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1129    delete (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1130}
1131
1132static bool llama_sampler_dist_backend_init(
1133        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
1134        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
1135    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1136
1137    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
1138
1139    sctx->init(res);
1140
1141    return res;
1142}
1143
1144static void llama_sampler_dist_backend_apply(
1145        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
1146        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
1147        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
1148        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
1149    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
1150
1151    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1152
1153    sctx->inp_uniform = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
1154    ggml_set_name (sctx->inp_uniform, "uniform");
1155    ggml_set_input(sctx->inp_uniform);
1156
1157    struct ggml_tensor * probs = ggml_soft_max(ctx, data->logits);
1158    ggml_set_name(probs, "dist_probs");
1159
1160    struct ggml_tensor * cumsum = ggml_cumsum(ctx, probs);
1161    ggml_set_name(cumsum, "dist_cumsum");
1162
1163    // The uniform tensor has a random value and we subtract this tensor with
1164    // the cumsum tensor (the uniform tensor will be broadcasted by ggml_sub).
1165    // Recall that each entry in cumsum is the cumulative probability up to that
1166    // index so values stay negative while the cumulative total is below the
1167    // random value, and become zero/positive once the threshold is crossed.
1168    struct ggml_tensor * diff = ggml_sub(ctx, cumsum, sctx->inp_uniform);
1169    ggml_set_name(diff, "dist_cumsum");
1170
1171    // The ggml_step function produces a tensor where entries are 1 if the
1172    // corresponding entry in diff is > 0, and 0 otherwise. So all values up to
1173    // the index where the cumulative probability exceeds the random value are 0,
1174    // and all entries after that are 1.
1175    struct ggml_tensor * mask = ggml_step(ctx, diff);
1176    ggml_set_name(mask, "dist_mask");
1177
1178    // Taking the sum of the mask gives us the sum of elements after the threshold
1179    // we are interested in.
1180    struct ggml_tensor * idxf = ggml_sum(ctx, mask);
1181    ggml_set_name(idxf, "dist_index_f32");
1182
1183    // Use ggml_scale_bias to scale the index value by -1 and then add the size
1184    // of the mask to that value so we get the correct index ((-1 * idxf) + n).
1185    struct ggml_tensor * idx = ggml_cast(ctx, ggml_scale_bias(ctx, idxf, -1.0f, mask->ne[0]), GGML_TYPE_I32);
1186    ggml_set_name(idx, "dist_index_i32");
1187
1188    // Map back to original vocab ids if a candidates tensor is available.
1189    struct ggml_tensor * sampled_token = idx;
1190    if (data->candidates != nullptr) {
1191        struct ggml_tensor * candidates = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->candidates, 1, ggml_nelements(data->candidates));
1192
1193        sampled_token = ggml_get_rows(ctx, candidates, idx);
1194        ggml_set_name(sampled_token, "dist_sampled_token");
1195    }
1196
1197    data->sampled = sampled_token;
1198    data->probs = probs;
1199}
1200
1201static void llama_sampler_dist_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1202    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx;
1203
1204    GGML_ASSERT(sctx->inp_uniform != nullptr);
1205
1206    // We sample in double precision and cast to float to match rnd numbers of
1207    // llama_dampler_dist which uses double precision (sampling from
1208    // std::uniform_real_distribution<double> and
1209    // std::uniform_real_distribution<float> with same rng will produce
1210    // different sequences).
1211    std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(0.0f, 1.0f);
1212    const float rnd = dist(sctx->rng);
1213
1214    ggml_backend_tensor_set(sctx->inp_uniform, &rnd, 0, sizeof(float));
1215}
1216
1217static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_dist_i = {
1218    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_dist_name,
1219    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
1220    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_dist_apply,
1221    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_dist_reset,
1222    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_dist_clone,
1223    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_dist_free,
1224    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_dist_backend_init,
1225    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
1226    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_dist_backend_apply,
1227    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_dist_backend_set_input,
1228};
1229
1230struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dist(uint32_t seed) {
1231    auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
1232    return llama_sampler_init(
1233        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_dist_i,
1234        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_dist {
1235            ("dist"),
1236            /* .seed        = */ seed,
1237            /* .seed_cur    = */ seed_cur,
1238            /* .rng         = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
1239            /* .inp_uniform = */ nullptr,
1240        }
1241    );
1242}
1243
1244// top-k
1245
1246struct llama_sampler_top_k : public llama_sampler_backend {
1247    const int32_t k;
1248};
1249
1250static const char * llama_sampler_top_k_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1251    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
1252    return sctx->get_name();
1253}
1254
1255static void llama_sampler_top_k_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
1256    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
1257    llama_sampler_top_k_impl(cur_p, ctx->k);
1258}
1259
1260static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_top_k_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1261    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
1262    return llama_sampler_init_top_k(ctx->k);
1263}
1264
1265static void llama_sampler_top_k_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1266    delete (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
1267}
1268
1269static bool llama_sampler_top_k_backend_init(
1270        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
1271        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
1272    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
1273
1274    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
1275
1276    sctx->init(res);
1277
1278    return res;
1279}
1280
1281static void llama_sampler_top_k_backend_apply(
1282        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
1283        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
1284        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
1285        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
1286    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_k *) smpl->ctx;
1287
1288    struct ggml_tensor * top_k = ggml_top_k(ctx, data->logits, sctx->k);
1289    ggml_set_name(top_k, "top_k");
1290
1291    if (data->candidates) {
1292        struct ggml_tensor * candidates_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->candidates, 1, data->candidates->ne[0]);
1293        data->candidates = ggml_get_rows(ctx, candidates_rows, top_k);
1294        data->candidates = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, data->candidates, sctx->k);
1295        ggml_set_name(data->candidates, "top_k_candidates");
1296    } else {
1297        data->candidates = top_k;
1298    }
1299
1300    struct ggml_tensor * logits_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->logits, 1, data->logits->ne[0]);
1301    struct ggml_tensor * top_k_rows = ggml_get_rows(ctx, logits_rows, top_k);
1302    data->logits = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, top_k_rows, sctx->k);
1303    ggml_set_name(top_k_rows, "top_k_rows");
1304
1305    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
1306}
1307
1308static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_top_k_i = {
1309    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_top_k_name,
1310    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
1311    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_top_k_apply,
1312    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
1313    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_top_k_clone,
1314    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_top_k_free,
1315    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_top_k_backend_init,
1316    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
1317    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_top_k_backend_apply,
1318    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
1319};
1320
1321struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_k(int32_t k) {
1322    const bool is_empty = (k <= 0);
1323
1324    if (is_empty) {
1325        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?top-k");
1326    }
1327
1328    return llama_sampler_init(
1329        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_top_k_i,
1330        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_top_k {
1331            ("top-k"),
1332            /* .k = */ k,
1333        }
1334    );
1335}
1336
1337// top-p
1338
1339struct llama_sampler_top_p : public llama_sampler_backend {
1340    const float  p;
1341    const size_t min_keep;
1342
1343    std::vector<llama_token_data> buf_sort;
1344};
1345
1346static const char * llama_sampler_top_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1347    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
1348    return sctx->get_name();
1349}
1350
1351static void llama_sampler_top_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
1352    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
1353
1354    if (ctx->p >= 1.0f) {
1355        return;
1356    }
1357
1358    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, false);
1359
1360    size_t k = cur_p->size;
1361    auto * pdata = cur_p->data;
1362
1363    auto & buf_sort = ctx->buf_sort;
1364
1365    // if not sorted, try adaptive top-k sorting
1366    if (!cur_p->sorted && cur_p->size > 1024) {
1367        k = std::min<size_t>(256, cur_p->size);
1368        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(*cur_p, k, buf_sort);
1369        pdata = buf_sort.data();
1370    } else if (!cur_p->sorted) {
1371        // small candidates -> sort inplace
1372        llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, k);
1373    }
1374
1375    // Compute the cumulative probabilities
1376    float cum_sum = 0.0f;
1377    size_t last_idx = cur_p->size;
1378
1379    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1380        cum_sum += pdata[i].p;
1381
1382        // Check if the running sum is at least p or if we have kept at least min_keep tokens
1383        // we set the last index to i+1 to indicate that the current iterate should be included in the set
1384        if (cum_sum >= ctx->p && i + 1 >= ctx->min_keep) {
1385            last_idx = i + 1;
1386            break;
1387        }
1388
1389        // we exceeded the current top-k heuristic -> increase k and continue
1390        if (!cur_p->sorted && i == k - 1) {
1391            k = cur_p->size;
1392            llama_token_data_array_partial_sort(*cur_p, k, buf_sort);
1393            pdata = buf_sort.data();
1394        }
1395    }
1396
1397    // Resize the output vector to keep only the top-p tokens
1398    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
1399        std::copy(buf_sort.data(), buf_sort.data() + last_idx, cur_p->data);
1400        cur_p->sorted = true;
1401    }
1402
1403    cur_p->size = last_idx;
1404}
1405
1406static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_top_p_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1407    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
1408    return llama_sampler_init_top_p(ctx->p, ctx->min_keep);
1409}
1410
1411static void llama_sampler_top_p_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1412    delete (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
1413}
1414
1415static bool llama_sampler_top_p_backend_init(
1416        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
1417        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
1418    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
1419
1420    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
1421
1422    sctx->init(res);
1423
1424    return res;
1425}
1426
1427static void llama_sampler_top_p_backend_apply(
1428        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
1429        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
1430        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
1431        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
1432    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_top_p *) smpl->ctx;
1433
1434    auto ggml_sort = [ctx](struct ggml_tensor * a, struct ggml_tensor * b) {
1435        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nrows(a) == 1);
1436        struct ggml_tensor * a_reshaped = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, a, 1, a->ne[0]);
1437        struct ggml_tensor * a_sorted   = ggml_get_rows(ctx, a_reshaped, b);
1438        return ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, a_sorted, a->ne[0]);
1439    };
1440
1441    // Get the sorted logits in descending order.
1442    struct ggml_tensor * sorted_idx = ggml_argsort(ctx, data->logits, GGML_SORT_ORDER_DESC);
1443    ggml_set_name(sorted_idx, "top_p_sorted_idx");
1444
1445    // Do the sorting via reshape + get_rows
1446    struct ggml_tensor * sorted_logits = ggml_sort(data->logits, sorted_idx);
1447    ggml_set_name(sorted_logits, "top_p_sorted_logits");
1448
1449    struct ggml_tensor * softmax = ggml_soft_max(ctx, sorted_logits);
1450    ggml_set_name(softmax, "top_p_softmax");
1451
1452    // If candidates are provided, sort them as well. Otherwise, set sorted indices as candidates.
1453    if (data->candidates) {
1454        data->candidates = ggml_sort(data->candidates, sorted_idx);
1455    } else {
1456        data->candidates = sorted_idx;
1457    }
1458    ggml_set_name(data->candidates, "top_p_candidates");
1459
1460    // Compute Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) by means of GGML_OP_CUMSUM.
1461    struct ggml_tensor * cdf = ggml_cumsum(ctx, softmax);
1462    ggml_set_name(cdf, "top_p_cdf");
1463
1464    // Invert CDF and add top-p value so that ggml_step yields 1 for values we want to keep
1465    struct ggml_tensor * cdf_scaled = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, cdf, -1.0f, sctx->p);
1466    ggml_set_name(cdf_scaled, "top_p_cdf_scaled");
1467
1468    struct ggml_tensor * mask = ggml_step(ctx, cdf_scaled);
1469    ggml_set_name(mask, "top_p_mask");
1470
1471    // Taking the sum of the mask gives us the sum of elements after the threshold
1472    // we are interested in.
1473    struct ggml_tensor * idxf = ggml_sum(ctx, mask);
1474    ggml_set_name(idxf, "top_p_index_f32");
1475
1476    // prevent out-of-bounds access
1477    idxf = ggml_clamp(ctx, idxf, 0.0f, mask->ne[0] - 1);
1478
1479    // construct ones tensor to set the value in the mask
1480    struct ggml_tensor * ones = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, idxf, 0.0f, 1.0f);
1481    ggml_set_name(ones, "top_p_ones");
1482
1483    // Make top-p inclusive (i.e. return all values such that cum_sum/cdf >= p)
1484    struct ggml_tensor * mask_reshaped = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, mask, 1, mask->ne[0]);
1485
1486    mask_reshaped = ggml_set_rows(ctx, mask_reshaped, ones, ggml_cast(ctx, idxf, GGML_TYPE_I32));
1487    mask = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, mask_reshaped, mask->ne[0]);
1488
1489    // Apply -INFINITY bias for masked-out tokens
1490    // log(1) = 0 (keep), log(0) = -INF (discard)
1491    struct ggml_tensor * top_p_bias = ggml_log(ctx, mask);
1492    ggml_set_name(top_p_bias, "top_p_bias");
1493
1494    data->logits = ggml_add(ctx, sorted_logits, top_p_bias);
1495    ggml_set_name(data->logits, "top_p_logits");
1496
1497    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
1498}
1499
1500static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_top_p_i = {
1501    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_top_p_name,
1502    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
1503    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_top_p_apply,
1504    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
1505    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_top_p_clone,
1506    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_top_p_free,
1507    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_top_p_backend_init,
1508    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
1509    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_top_p_backend_apply,
1510    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
1511};
1512
1513struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_p(float p, size_t min_keep) {
1514    const bool is_empty = p >= 1.0f;
1515
1516    if (is_empty) {
1517        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?top-p");
1518    }
1519
1520    return llama_sampler_init(
1521        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_top_p_i,
1522        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_top_p {
1523            ("top-p"),
1524            /* .p        = */ p,
1525            /* .min_keep = */ min_keep,
1526            /* .buf_sort = */ {},
1527        }
1528    );
1529}
1530
1531// min-p
1532
1533struct llama_sampler_min_p : public llama_sampler_backend {
1534    const float  p;
1535    const size_t min_keep;
1536};
1537
1538static const char * llama_sampler_min_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1539    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
1540    return sctx->get_name();
1541}
1542
1543static void llama_sampler_min_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
1544    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
1545
1546    if (ctx->p <= 0.0f || !cur_p->size) {
1547        return;
1548    }
1549
1550    bool min_p_applied = false;
1551
1552    // if the cur_p aren't sorted, try the unsorted implementation first
1553    if (!cur_p->sorted) {
1554        std::vector<llama_token_data> filtered_tokens;
1555
1556        float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;
1557        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1558            max_logit = std::max(max_logit, cur_p->data[i].logit);
1559        }
1560        const float min_logit = max_logit + logf(ctx->p); // min logit for p_i >= p * p_max
1561
1562        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1563            if (cur_p->data[i].logit >= min_logit) {
1564                filtered_tokens.push_back(cur_p->data[i]);
1565            }
1566        }
1567
1568        // if we have enough values the operation was a success
1569        if (!filtered_tokens.empty() && filtered_tokens.size() >= ctx->min_keep) {
1570            std::copy(filtered_tokens.begin(), filtered_tokens.end(), cur_p->data);
1571            cur_p->size = filtered_tokens.size();
1572            min_p_applied = true;
1573        }
1574    }
1575
1576    // if the cur_p are sorted or the unsorted implementation failed, use this implementation
1577    if (!min_p_applied) {
1578        // Sort the logits in descending order
1579        if (!cur_p->sorted) {
1580            llama_token_data_array_partial_sort_inplace(cur_p, cur_p->size);
1581        }
1582
1583        const float min_logit = cur_p->data[0].logit + logf(ctx->p); // min logit for p_i >= p * p_max
1584        size_t i = 1; // first token always matches
1585
1586        for (; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1587            if (cur_p->data[i].logit < min_logit && i >= ctx->min_keep) {
1588                break; // prob too small
1589            }
1590        }
1591
1592        // Resize the output vector to keep only the matching tokens
1593        cur_p->size = i;
1594    }
1595}
1596
1597static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_min_p_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1598    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
1599    return llama_sampler_init_min_p(ctx->p, ctx->min_keep);
1600}
1601
1602static void llama_sampler_min_p_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1603    delete (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
1604}
1605
1606static bool llama_sampler_min_p_backend_init(
1607        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
1608        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
1609    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
1610
1611    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
1612
1613    sctx->init(res);
1614
1615    return res;
1616}
1617
1618static void llama_sampler_min_p_backend_apply(
1619        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
1620        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
1621        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
1622        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
1623    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_min_p *) smpl->ctx;
1624
1625    struct ggml_tensor * max_idx = ggml_argmax(ctx, data->logits);
1626    ggml_set_name(max_idx, "max_idx");
1627
1628    struct ggml_tensor * logits_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->logits, 1, data->logits->ne[0]);
1629    ggml_set_name(logits_rows, "logits_rows");
1630
1631    struct ggml_tensor * max_logit = ggml_get_rows(ctx, logits_rows, max_idx);
1632    ggml_set_name(max_logit, "max_logit");
1633
1634    // Calculate the threshold value.
1635    struct ggml_tensor * threshold = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, max_logit, 1.0f, logf(sctx->p));
1636    ggml_set_name(threshold, "min_p_threshold");
1637
1638    // Subtract the threshold from logits.
1639    struct ggml_tensor * sub = ggml_sub(ctx, data->logits, threshold);
1640
1641    // Create a mask where logits below the threshold are 0 (discard),
1642    // and others are 1 (keep).
1643    struct ggml_tensor * mask = ggml_step(ctx, sub);
1644    ggml_set_name(mask, "min_p_mask");
1645
1646    // Apply -INFINITY bias for masked-out tokens
1647    // log(1) = 0 (keep), log(0) = -INF (discard)
1648    struct ggml_tensor * min_p_bias = ggml_log(ctx, mask);
1649    ggml_set_name(min_p_bias, "min_p_bias");
1650
1651    data->logits = ggml_add(ctx, data->logits, min_p_bias);
1652    ggml_set_name(data->logits, "min_p_logits");
1653
1654    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
1655}
1656
1657static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_min_p_i = {
1658    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_min_p_name,
1659    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
1660    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_min_p_apply,
1661    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
1662    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_min_p_clone,
1663    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_min_p_free,
1664    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_min_p_backend_init,
1665    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
1666    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_min_p_backend_apply,
1667    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
1668};
1669
1670struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_min_p(float p, size_t min_keep) {
1671    const bool is_empty = (p <= 0.0f);
1672
1673    if (is_empty) {
1674        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?min-p");
1675    }
1676
1677    return llama_sampler_init(
1678        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_min_p_i,
1679        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_min_p {
1680            ("min-p"),
1681            /* .p        = */ p,
1682            /* .min_keep = */ min_keep,
1683        }
1684    );
1685}
1686
1687// typical
1688
1689struct llama_sampler_typical {
1690    const float  p;
1691    const size_t min_keep;
1692};
1693
1694static const char * llama_sampler_typical_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
1695    return "typical";
1696}
1697
1698static void llama_sampler_typical_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
1699    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_typical *) smpl->ctx;
1700
1701    // Reference implementation:
1702    // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/compare/main...cimeister:typical-sampling:typical-pr
1703    if (ctx->p >= 1.0f) {
1704        return;
1705    }
1706
1707    // Compute the softmax of logits and calculate entropy
1708    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
1709
1710    float entropy = 0.0f;
1711    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1712        entropy += -cur_p->data[i].p * logf(cur_p->data[i].p);
1713    }
1714
1715    // Compute the absolute difference between negative log probability and entropy for each candidate
1716    std::vector<float> shifted_scores;
1717    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1718        float shifted_score = fabsf(-logf(cur_p->data[i].p) - entropy);
1719        shifted_scores.push_back(shifted_score);
1720    }
1721
1722    // Sort tokens based on the shifted_scores and their corresponding indices
1723    std::vector<size_t> indices(cur_p->size);
1724    std::iota(indices.begin(), indices.end(), 0);
1725
1726    std::sort(indices.begin(), indices.end(), [&](size_t a, size_t b) {
1727        return shifted_scores[a] < shifted_scores[b];
1728    });
1729
1730    // Compute the cumulative probabilities
1731    float cum_sum = 0.0f;
1732    size_t last_idx = indices.size();
1733
1734    for (size_t i = 0; i < indices.size(); ++i) {
1735        size_t idx = indices[i];
1736        cum_sum += cur_p->data[idx].p;
1737
1738        // Check if the running sum is greater than typical or if we have kept at least min_keep tokens
1739        if (cum_sum > ctx->p && (ctx->min_keep == 0 || i >= ctx->min_keep - 1)) {
1740            last_idx = i + 1;
1741            break;
1742        }
1743    }
1744
1745    // Resize the output vector to keep only the locally typical tokens
1746    std::vector<llama_token_data> cur_p_new;
1747    for (size_t i = 0; i < last_idx; ++i) {
1748        size_t idx = indices[i];
1749        cur_p_new.push_back(cur_p->data[idx]);
1750    }
1751
1752    // Replace the data in cur_p with the cur_p_new data
1753    std::copy(cur_p_new.begin(), cur_p_new.end(), cur_p->data);
1754    cur_p->size = cur_p_new.size();
1755    cur_p->sorted = false;
1756}
1757
1758static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_typical_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1759    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_typical *) smpl->ctx;
1760    return llama_sampler_init_typical(ctx->p, ctx->min_keep);
1761}
1762
1763static void llama_sampler_typical_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1764    delete (llama_sampler_typical *) smpl->ctx;
1765}
1766
1767static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_typical_i = {
1768    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_typical_name,
1769    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
1770    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_typical_apply,
1771    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
1772    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_typical_clone,
1773    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_typical_free,
1774    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
1775    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
1776    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
1777    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
1778};
1779
1780struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_typical(float p, size_t min_keep) {
1781    const bool is_empty = (p >= 1.0f);
1782
1783    if (is_empty) {
1784        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?typical");
1785    }
1786
1787    return llama_sampler_init(
1788        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_typical_i,
1789        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_typical {
1790            /* .p        = */ p,
1791            /* .min_keep = */ min_keep,
1792        }
1793    );
1794}
1795
1796// temp
1797
1798struct llama_sampler_temp : public llama_sampler_backend {
1799    const float temp;
1800};
1801
1802static const char * llama_sampler_temp_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1803    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
1804    return sctx->get_name();
1805}
1806
1807static void llama_sampler_temp_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
1808    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
1809
1810    llama_sampler_temp_impl(cur_p, ctx->temp);
1811}
1812
1813static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_temp_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1814    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
1815    return llama_sampler_init_temp(ctx->temp);
1816}
1817
1818static void llama_sampler_temp_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1819    delete (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
1820}
1821
1822static void llama_sampler_backend_temp_sampling(
1823        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
1824        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
1825        struct llama_sampler_data * data,
1826        float                       temp) {
1827    if (temp <= 0.0f) {
1828        // Find the most probable token index.
1829        struct ggml_tensor * max_idx = ggml_argmax(ctx, data->logits);
1830        ggml_set_name(max_idx, "temp_max_idx");
1831
1832        if (data->candidates) {
1833            struct ggml_tensor * candidates_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->candidates, 1, data->candidates->ne[0]);
1834            data->candidates = ggml_get_rows(ctx, candidates_rows, max_idx);
1835        } else {
1836            data->candidates = max_idx;
1837        }
1838
1839        struct ggml_tensor * logits_rows = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, data->logits, 1, data->logits->ne[0]);
1840        data->logits = ggml_get_rows(ctx, logits_rows, max_idx);
1841
1842        return;
1843    }
1844
1845    data->logits = ggml_scale(ctx, data->logits, 1.0f / temp);
1846
1847    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
1848}
1849
1850static bool llama_sampler_temp_backend_init(
1851        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
1852        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
1853    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
1854
1855    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
1856
1857    sctx->init(res);
1858
1859    return res;
1860}
1861
1862static void llama_sampler_temp_backend_apply(
1863        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
1864        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
1865        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
1866        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
1867    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp *) smpl->ctx;
1868    llama_sampler_backend_temp_sampling(ctx, gf, data, sctx->temp);
1869}
1870
1871static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_temp_i = {
1872    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_temp_name,
1873    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
1874    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_temp_apply,
1875    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
1876    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_temp_clone,
1877    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_temp_free,
1878    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_temp_backend_init,
1879    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
1880    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_temp_backend_apply,
1881    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
1882};
1883
1884struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_temp(float temp) {
1885    const bool is_empty = temp == 1.0f;
1886
1887    if (is_empty) {
1888        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?temp");
1889    }
1890
1891    return llama_sampler_init(
1892        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_temp_i,
1893        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_temp {
1894            ("temp"),
1895            /*.temp = */ temp,
1896        }
1897    );
1898}
1899
1900// temp-ext
1901
1902struct llama_sampler_temp_ext : public llama_sampler_backend {
1903    const float temp;
1904    const float delta;
1905    const float exponent;
1906};
1907
1908static const char * llama_sampler_temp_ext_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1909    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
1910    return sctx->get_name();
1911}
1912
1913static void llama_sampler_temp_ext_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
1914    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
1915    if (ctx->delta > 0) {
1916        const float min_temp = std::max(0.0f, ctx->temp - ctx->delta);
1917        const float max_temp = ctx->temp + ctx->delta;
1918
1919        float exponent_val = ctx->exponent;
1920
1921        // no need to do anything if there is only one (or zero) candidates
1922        if (cur_p->size <= 1) {
1923            return;
1924        }
1925
1926        // Calculate maximum possible entropy
1927        float max_entropy = -logf(1.0f / cur_p->size);
1928
1929        llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
1930
1931        // Calculate entropy of the softmax probabilities
1932        float entropy = 0.0f;
1933        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1934            float prob = cur_p->data[i].p;
1935            if (prob > 0.0f) { // Ensure no log(0)
1936                entropy -= prob * logf(prob);
1937            }
1938        }
1939
1940        // Normalize the entropy (max_entropy cannot be 0 here because we checked cur_p->size != 1 above)
1941        float normalized_entropy = entropy / max_entropy;
1942
1943        // Map the normalized entropy to the desired temperature range using the power function
1944        float dyn_temp = min_temp + (max_temp - min_temp) * powf(normalized_entropy, exponent_val);
1945
1946    #ifdef DEBUG
1947        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("Your text maxtemp value is: %f\n", max_temp);
1948        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("Entropy: %f\n", entropy);
1949        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("Max Possible Entropy: %f\n", max_entropy);
1950        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("Normalized Entropy: %f\n", normalized_entropy);
1951        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("Exponent: %f\n", exponent_val);
1952        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("Dynamic Temperature (dyn_temp): %f\n", dyn_temp);
1953    #endif
1954
1955        // Apply the dynamically calculated temperature scaling
1956        llama_sampler_temp_impl(cur_p, dyn_temp);
1957
1958        // Re-compute softmax probabilities after scaling logits with dynamic temperature
1959        const double max_l_double = cur_p->data[0].logit;
1960
1961        double cum_sum_double = 0.0;
1962        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1963            double p = exp(cur_p->data[i].logit - max_l_double);
1964            cur_p->data[i].p = p; // Store the scaled probability
1965            cum_sum_double += p;
1966        }
1967
1968        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1969            cur_p->data[i].p /= cum_sum_double; // Re-normalize the probabilities
1970        }
1971
1972    #ifdef DEBUG
1973        // Print the updated top 25 probabilities after temperature scaling
1974        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("\nUpdated Top 25 Probabilities After Dynamic Temperature Scaling (in percentages):\n");
1975        for (size_t i = 0; i < 25 && i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
1976            LLAMA_LOG_INFO("Token %zu: %f%%\n", i + 1, cur_p->data[i].p * 100.0f);
1977        }
1978    #endif
1979    } else {
1980        llama_sampler_temp_impl(cur_p, ctx->temp);
1981    }
1982}
1983
1984static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_temp_ext_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1985    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
1986    return llama_sampler_init_temp_ext(ctx->temp, ctx->delta, ctx->exponent);
1987}
1988
1989static void llama_sampler_temp_ext_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
1990    delete (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
1991}
1992
1993static bool llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_init(
1994        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
1995        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
1996    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
1997
1998    const bool res = llama_sampler_backend_support(smpl, buft);
1999
2000    sctx->init(res);
2001
2002    return res;
2003}
2004
2005static void llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_apply(
2006        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
2007        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
2008        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
2009        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
2010    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_temp_ext *) smpl->ctx;
2011
2012    // Revert to standard temperature scaling if delta or temp are non-positive.
2013    if (sctx->delta <= 0.0f || sctx->temp <= 0.0f) {
2014        llama_sampler_backend_temp_sampling(ctx, gf, data, sctx->temp);
2015        return;
2016    }
2017
2018    // Calculate min_temp, max_temp, and max_entropy.
2019    const float min_temp    = std::max(0.0f, sctx->temp - sctx->delta);
2020    const float max_temp    = sctx->temp + sctx->delta;
2021    const float max_entropy = logf(data->logits->ne[0]);
2022
2023    // Calculate the probabilities.
2024    struct ggml_tensor * probs = ggml_soft_max(ctx, data->logits);
2025    ggml_set_name(probs, "temp_ext_softmax_probs");
2026
2027    // Clamp probabilities to avoid log(0) which would give -inf
2028    struct ggml_tensor * probs_clamped = ggml_clamp(ctx, probs, 1e-10f, 1.0f);
2029    ggml_set_name(probs_clamped, "temp_ext_probs_clamped");
2030
2031    // Calculate the entropy, entropy = -ฮฃ(p * log(p)).
2032    struct ggml_tensor * log_probs   = ggml_log(ctx, probs_clamped);
2033    struct ggml_tensor * p_log_p     = ggml_mul(ctx, probs_clamped, log_probs);
2034    struct ggml_tensor * sum_p_log_p = ggml_sum(ctx, p_log_p);
2035    struct ggml_tensor * entropy     = ggml_scale(ctx, sum_p_log_p, -1.0f);
2036    ggml_set_name(log_probs,   "temp_ext_log_probs");
2037    ggml_set_name(p_log_p,     "temp_ext_p_log_p");
2038    ggml_set_name(sum_p_log_p, "temp_ext_sum_p_log_p");
2039    ggml_set_name(entropy,     "temp_ext_entropy");
2040
2041    // Normalize the entropy, norm_entropy = entropy / max_entropy
2042    struct ggml_tensor * norm_entropy = ggml_scale(ctx, entropy, 1.0f / max_entropy);
2043    ggml_set_name(norm_entropy, "temp_ext_norm_entropy");
2044
2045    // Calculate the dynamic temperature:
2046    // dyn_temp = min_temp + (max_temp - min_temp) * powf(normalized_entropy, exponent);
2047    //
2048    // Calculate powf(normalized_entropy, exponent) as
2049    // norm_entropy^exponent = exp(exponent * log(norm_entropy))
2050    struct ggml_tensor * log_norm_entropy = ggml_log(ctx, norm_entropy);
2051    struct ggml_tensor * scaled_log       = ggml_scale(ctx, log_norm_entropy, sctx->exponent);
2052    struct ggml_tensor * pow_entropy      = ggml_exp(ctx, scaled_log);
2053    // With pow_entropy computed we can now compute dyn_temp, scaling by
2054    // (max_temp - min_temp) and then adding min_temp.
2055    struct ggml_tensor * dyn_temp         = ggml_scale_bias(ctx, pow_entropy, max_temp - min_temp, min_temp);
2056    ggml_set_name(log_norm_entropy, "temp_ext_log_norm_entropy");
2057    ggml_set_name(scaled_log,       "temp_ext_scaled_log");
2058    ggml_set_name(pow_entropy,      "temp_ext_pow_entropy");
2059    ggml_set_name(dyn_temp,         "temp_ext_dyn_temp");
2060
2061    // Scale the logits by the dynamic temperature
2062    struct ggml_tensor * scaled_logits = ggml_div(ctx, data->logits, dyn_temp);
2063    ggml_set_name(scaled_logits, "temp_ext_scaled_logits");
2064
2065    data->logits = scaled_logits;
2066}
2067
2068static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_temp_ext_i = {
2069    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_name,
2070    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
2071    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_apply,
2072    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
2073    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_clone,
2074    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_free,
2075    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_init,
2076    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
2077    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_temp_ext_backend_apply,
2078    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
2079};
2080
2081struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_temp_ext(float temp, float delta, float exponent) {
2082    const bool is_empty = temp == 1.0f && delta <= 0.0f;
2083
2084    if (is_empty) {
2085        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?temp-ext");
2086    }
2087
2088    auto * res = llama_sampler_init(
2089        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_temp_ext_i,
2090        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_temp_ext {
2091            ("temp-ext"),
2092            /* .temp     = */ temp,
2093            /* .delta    = */ delta,
2094            /* .exponent = */ exponent,
2095        }
2096    );
2097
2098    return res;
2099}
2100
2101// xtc
2102
2103struct llama_sampler_xtc {
2104    const float    probability;
2105    const float    threshold;
2106    const size_t   min_keep;
2107
2108    const uint32_t seed;
2109    uint32_t       seed_cur;
2110
2111    std::mt19937   rng;
2112};
2113
2114static const char * llama_sampler_xtc_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
2115    return "xtc";
2116}
2117
2118static void llama_sample_xtc_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
2119    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_xtc *) smpl->ctx;
2120
2121    if (ctx->probability <= 0.0f
2122        || ctx->threshold > 0.5f
2123        || cur_p->size < 2) {
2124        return;
2125    }
2126
2127    std::uniform_real_distribution<float> distribution(0.0f, 1.0f);
2128    float chance = distribution(ctx->rng);
2129    if (chance > ctx->probability) {
2130        return;
2131    }
2132
2133    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
2134
2135    int pos_last = 0;
2136
2137    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
2138        if (cur_p->data[i].p >= ctx->threshold) {
2139            pos_last = i;
2140        } else {
2141            break;
2142        }
2143    }
2144
2145    if (cur_p->size - pos_last >= ctx->min_keep && pos_last > 0) {
2146        cur_p->data += pos_last;
2147        cur_p->size -= pos_last;
2148    }
2149}
2150
2151static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_xtc_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2152    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_xtc *) smpl->ctx;
2153    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_xtc(ctx->probability, ctx->threshold, ctx->min_keep, ctx->seed);
2154
2155    // copy the state
2156    {
2157        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_xtc *) result->ctx;
2158
2159        result_ctx->rng = ctx->rng;
2160    }
2161
2162    return result;
2163}
2164
2165static void llama_sampler_xtc_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2166    delete (llama_sampler_xtc *) smpl->ctx;
2167}
2168
2169static void llama_sampler_xtc_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2170    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_xtc *) smpl->ctx;
2171    ctx->seed_cur = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
2172    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
2173}
2174
2175static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_xtc_i = {
2176    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_xtc_name,
2177    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
2178    /* .apply             = */ llama_sample_xtc_apply,
2179    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_xtc_reset,
2180    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_xtc_clone,
2181    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_xtc_free,
2182    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
2183    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
2184    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
2185    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
2186};
2187
2188struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_xtc(float p, float t, size_t min_keep, uint32_t seed) {
2189    const bool is_empty = (p <= 0.0f || t > 0.5f);
2190
2191    if (is_empty) {
2192        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?xtc");
2193    }
2194
2195    const auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
2196
2197    return llama_sampler_init(
2198        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_xtc_i,
2199        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_xtc {
2200            /* .probability   = */ p,
2201            /* .threshold     = */ t,
2202            /* .min_keep      = */ min_keep,
2203            /* .seed          = */ seed,
2204            /* .seed_cur      = */ seed_cur,
2205            /* .rng           = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
2206        }
2207    );
2208}
2209
2210// mirostat
2211
2212struct llama_sampler_mirostat {
2213    const int32_t n_vocab;
2214
2215    const uint32_t seed;
2216          uint32_t seed_cur;
2217
2218    const float tau;
2219    const float eta;
2220
2221    const int32_t m;
2222
2223    float mu;
2224
2225    std::mt19937    rng;
2226};
2227
2228static const char * llama_sampler_mirostat_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
2229    return "mirostat";
2230}
2231
2232static void llama_sampler_mirostat_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
2233    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat *) smpl->ctx;
2234
2235    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
2236
2237    // Estimate s_hat using the most probable m tokens
2238    float s_hat = 0.0;
2239    float sum_ti_bi = 0.0;
2240    float sum_ti_sq = 0.0;
2241    for (size_t i = 0; i < size_t(ctx->m - 1) && i < cur_p->size - 1; ++i) {
2242        float t_i = logf(float(i + 2) / float(i + 1));
2243        float b_i = logf(cur_p->data[i].p / cur_p->data[i + 1].p);
2244        sum_ti_bi += t_i * b_i;
2245        sum_ti_sq += t_i * t_i;
2246    }
2247    s_hat = sum_ti_bi / sum_ti_sq;
2248
2249    // Compute k from the estimated s_hat and target surprise value
2250    float epsilon_hat = s_hat - 1;
2251    float k = powf((epsilon_hat * powf(2, ctx->mu)) / (1 - powf(ctx->n_vocab, -epsilon_hat)), 1 / s_hat);
2252
2253    llama_sampler_top_k_impl(cur_p, std::max(int(k), 1));
2254
2255    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
2256
2257    const int idx = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
2258
2259    cur_p->selected = idx;
2260
2261    float observed_surprise = -log2f(cur_p->data[idx].p);
2262    float e = observed_surprise - ctx->tau;
2263
2264    // Update mu using the learning rate and error
2265    ctx->mu = ctx->mu - ctx->eta * e;
2266}
2267
2268static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_mirostat_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2269    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_mirostat *) smpl->ctx;
2270    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_mirostat(ctx->n_vocab, ctx->seed, ctx->tau, ctx->eta, ctx->m);
2271
2272    // copy the state
2273    {
2274        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat *) smpl->ctx;
2275
2276        result_ctx->mu  = ctx->mu;
2277        result_ctx->rng = ctx->rng;
2278    }
2279
2280    return result;
2281}
2282
2283static void llama_sampler_mirostat_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2284    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat *) smpl->ctx;
2285    ctx->mu = 2.0f*ctx->tau;
2286    ctx->seed_cur = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
2287    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
2288}
2289
2290static void llama_sampler_mirostat_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2291    delete (llama_sampler_mirostat *) smpl->ctx;
2292}
2293
2294static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_mirostat_i = {
2295    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_name,
2296    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
2297    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_apply,
2298    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_reset,
2299    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_clone,
2300    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_free,
2301    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
2302    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
2303    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
2304    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
2305};
2306
2307struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_mirostat(int32_t n_vocab, uint32_t seed, float tau, float eta, int32_t m) {
2308    const auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
2309
2310    return llama_sampler_init(
2311        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_mirostat_i,
2312        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_mirostat {
2313            /* .n_vocab  = */ n_vocab,
2314            /* .seed     = */ seed,
2315            /* .seed_cur = */ seed_cur,
2316            /* .tau      = */ tau,
2317            /* .eta      = */ eta,
2318            /* .m        = */ m,
2319            /* .mu       = */ 2.0f*tau,
2320            /* .rng      = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
2321        }
2322    );
2323}
2324
2325// mirostat v2
2326
2327struct llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 {
2328    const uint32_t seed;
2329          uint32_t seed_cur;
2330
2331    const float tau;
2332    const float eta;
2333
2334    float mu;
2335
2336    std::mt19937 rng;
2337};
2338
2339static const char * llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
2340    return "mirostat-v2";
2341}
2342
2343static void llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
2344    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 *) smpl->ctx;
2345
2346    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
2347
2348    // Truncate the words with surprise values greater than mu
2349    cur_p->size = std::distance(cur_p->data, std::find_if(cur_p->data, cur_p->data + cur_p->size, [&](const llama_token_data & candidate) {
2350        return -log2f(candidate.p) > ctx->mu;
2351    }));
2352
2353    if (cur_p->size == 0) {
2354        cur_p->size = 1;
2355    }
2356
2357    // Normalize the probabilities of the remaining words
2358    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
2359
2360    const int idx = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
2361
2362    cur_p->selected = idx;
2363
2364    float observed_surprise = -log2f(cur_p->data[idx].p);
2365    float e = observed_surprise - ctx->tau;
2366
2367    // Update mu using the learning rate and error
2368    ctx->mu = ctx->mu - ctx->eta * e;
2369}
2370
2371static void llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2372    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 *) smpl->ctx;
2373    ctx->mu = 2.0f*ctx->tau;
2374    ctx->seed_cur = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
2375    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
2376}
2377
2378static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2379    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 *) smpl->ctx;
2380
2381    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_mirostat_v2(ctx->seed, ctx->tau, ctx->eta);
2382
2383    // copy the state
2384    {
2385        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 *) result->ctx;
2386
2387        result_ctx->mu  = ctx->mu;
2388        result_ctx->rng = ctx->rng;
2389    }
2390
2391    return result;
2392}
2393
2394static void llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2395    delete (llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 *) smpl->ctx;
2396}
2397
2398static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_i = {
2399    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_name,
2400    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
2401    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_apply,
2402    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_reset,
2403    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_clone,
2404    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_free,
2405    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
2406    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
2407    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
2408    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
2409};
2410
2411struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_mirostat_v2(uint32_t seed, float tau, float eta) {
2412    auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
2413    return llama_sampler_init(
2414        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_i,
2415        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 {
2416            /* .seed     = */ seed,
2417            /* .seed_cur = */ seed_cur,
2418            /* .tau      = */ tau,
2419            /* .eta      = */ eta,
2420            /* .mu       = */ 2.0f*tau,
2421            /* .rng      = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
2422        }
2423    );
2424}
2425
2426// grammar
2427
2428struct llama_sampler_grammar {
2429    const struct llama_vocab * vocab;
2430
2431    std::string grammar_str;
2432    std::string grammar_root;
2433
2434    struct llama_grammar * grammar;
2435};
2436
2437static const char * llama_sampler_grammar_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
2438    return "grammar";
2439}
2440
2441static void llama_sampler_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
2442    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_grammar *) smpl->ctx;
2443    if (ctx->grammar) {
2444        llama_grammar_accept_impl(*ctx->grammar, token);
2445    }
2446}
2447
2448static void llama_sampler_grammar_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
2449    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_grammar *) smpl->ctx;
2450    if (ctx->grammar) {
2451        llama_grammar_apply_impl(*ctx->grammar, cur_p);
2452    }
2453}
2454
2455// Fwd declare to break reset --> init_impl --> llama_sampler_grammar_i --> reset cycle.
2456static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(
2457        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
2458                      const char * grammar_str,
2459                      const char * grammar_root,
2460                              bool lazy,
2461                     const char ** trigger_words,
2462                            size_t num_trigger_words,
2463               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
2464                            size_t num_trigger_tokens,
2465                     const char ** trigger_patterns,
2466                            size_t num_trigger_patterns);
2467
2468static void llama_sampler_grammar_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2469    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_grammar *) smpl->ctx;
2470    if (!ctx->grammar) {
2471        return;
2472    }
2473
2474    std::vector<const char *>  trigger_patterns_c;
2475    trigger_patterns_c.reserve(ctx->grammar->trigger_patterns.size());
2476    for (auto & trigger_pattern : ctx->grammar->trigger_patterns) {
2477        trigger_patterns_c.push_back(trigger_pattern.pattern.c_str());
2478    }
2479
2480    auto * grammar_new = llama_grammar_init_impl(ctx->grammar->vocab, ctx->grammar_str.c_str(), ctx->grammar_root.c_str(),
2481                                                 ctx->grammar->lazy, trigger_patterns_c.data(), trigger_patterns_c.size(),
2482                                                 ctx->grammar->trigger_tokens.data(), ctx->grammar->trigger_tokens.size());
2483
2484    llama_grammar_free_impl(ctx->grammar);
2485    ctx->grammar = grammar_new;
2486}
2487
2488static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_grammar_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2489    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_grammar *) smpl->ctx;
2490
2491    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(ctx->vocab, nullptr, nullptr, false, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0);
2492    GGML_ASSERT(result);
2493
2494    // copy the state
2495    {
2496        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_grammar *) result->ctx;
2497
2498        if (ctx->grammar) {
2499            result_ctx->grammar_str  = ctx->grammar_str;
2500            result_ctx->grammar_root = ctx->grammar_root;
2501
2502            result_ctx->grammar = llama_grammar_clone_impl(*ctx->grammar);
2503        }
2504    }
2505
2506    return result;
2507}
2508
2509static void llama_sampler_grammar_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2510    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_grammar *) smpl->ctx;
2511
2512    if (ctx->grammar) {
2513        llama_grammar_free_impl(ctx->grammar);
2514    }
2515
2516    delete ctx;
2517}
2518
2519static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_grammar_i = {
2520    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_grammar_name,
2521    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_grammar_accept_impl,
2522    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_grammar_apply,
2523    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_grammar_reset,
2524    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_grammar_clone,
2525    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_grammar_free,
2526    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
2527    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
2528    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
2529    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
2530};
2531
2532static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(
2533        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
2534                      const char * grammar_str,
2535                      const char * grammar_root,
2536                              bool lazy,
2537                     const char ** trigger_words,
2538                            size_t num_trigger_words,
2539               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
2540                            size_t num_trigger_tokens,
2541                     const char ** trigger_patterns,
2542                            size_t num_trigger_patterns) {
2543    auto * ctx = new llama_sampler_grammar;
2544
2545    if (grammar_str != nullptr && grammar_str[0] != '\0') {
2546        std::string trigger_pattern;
2547        llama_grammar * grammar = nullptr;
2548        // TODO: remove trigger_words support.
2549        if (trigger_words != nullptr && num_trigger_words > 0) {
2550            GGML_ASSERT(trigger_patterns == nullptr && num_trigger_patterns == 0);
2551            trigger_pattern = "[\\s\\S]*?(";
2552            for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trigger_words; ++i) {
2553                static const std::regex special_chars("[.^$|()*+?\\[\\]{}\\\\]");
2554                if (i > 0) {
2555                    trigger_pattern += "|";
2556                }
2557                trigger_pattern += std::regex_replace(trigger_words[i], special_chars, "\\$0");
2558            }
2559            trigger_pattern += ")[\\s\\S]*";
2560
2561            std::array<const char *, 1> tmp_trigger_patterns = { trigger_pattern.c_str() };
2562            grammar = llama_grammar_init_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, lazy, tmp_trigger_patterns.data(), tmp_trigger_patterns.size(), trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens);
2563        } else {
2564            grammar = llama_grammar_init_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, lazy, trigger_patterns, num_trigger_patterns, trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens);
2565        }
2566        *ctx = {
2567            /* .vocab        = */ vocab,
2568            /* .grammar_str  = */ grammar_str,
2569            /* .grammar_root = */ grammar_root,
2570            /* .grammar      = */ grammar,
2571        };
2572        if (!ctx->grammar) {
2573            delete ctx;
2574            return nullptr;
2575        }
2576    } else {
2577        *ctx = {
2578            /* .vocab        = */ vocab,
2579            /* .grammar_str  = */ {},
2580            /* .grammar_root = */ {},
2581            /* .grammar      = */ nullptr,
2582        };
2583    }
2584
2585    return llama_sampler_init(
2586        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_grammar_i,
2587        /* .ctx   = */ ctx
2588    );
2589}
2590
2591struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar(
2592        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
2593                      const char * grammar_str,
2594                      const char * grammar_root) {
2595    return llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, /* lazy= */ false, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0);
2596}
2597
2598struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy(
2599        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
2600                      const char * grammar_str,
2601                      const char * grammar_root,
2602                     const char ** trigger_words,
2603                            size_t num_trigger_words,
2604               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
2605                            size_t num_trigger_tokens) {
2606    return llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, /* lazy= */ true, trigger_words, num_trigger_words, trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens, nullptr, 0);
2607}
2608
2609struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy_patterns(
2610        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
2611                      const char * grammar_str,
2612                      const char * grammar_root,
2613                     const char ** trigger_patterns,
2614                            size_t num_trigger_patterns,
2615               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
2616                            size_t num_trigger_tokens) {
2617    return llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, /* lazy= */ true, nullptr, 0, trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens, trigger_patterns, num_trigger_patterns);
2618}
2619
2620// penalties
2621
2622struct llama_sampler_penalties {
2623    const int32_t penalty_last_n;
2624    const float   penalty_repeat;
2625    const float   penalty_freq;
2626    const float   penalty_present;
2627
2628    ring_buffer<llama_token> prev;
2629
2630    // a frequency map to count token occurrences
2631    std::unordered_map<llama_token, int> token_count;
2632};
2633
2634static const char * llama_sampler_penalties_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
2635    return "penalties";
2636}
2637
2638static void llama_sampler_penalties_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
2639    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_penalties *) smpl->ctx;
2640    if (ctx->penalty_last_n == 0) {
2641        return;
2642    }
2643
2644    ctx->token_count[token]++;
2645
2646    // if the ring buffer is full, remove the oldest token
2647    if (ctx->prev.size() >= (size_t) ctx->penalty_last_n) {
2648        const auto old = ctx->prev.front();
2649
2650        ctx->token_count[old]--;
2651        if (ctx->token_count[old] == 0) {
2652            ctx->token_count.erase(old);
2653        }
2654    }
2655
2656    ctx->prev.push_back(token);
2657
2658#if 0
2659    // sanity check
2660    std::unordered_map<llama_token, int> tmp;
2661    for (int i = 0; i < std::min<int>(ctx->penalty_last_n, ctx->prev.size()); ++i) {
2662        tmp[ctx->prev.rat(i)]++;
2663    }
2664
2665    assert(ctx->token_count == tmp);
2666#endif
2667}
2668
2669static void llama_sampler_penalties_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
2670    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_penalties *) smpl->ctx;
2671
2672    if ((ctx->penalty_last_n == 0) ||
2673        (ctx->penalty_repeat == 1.0f && ctx->penalty_freq == 0.0f && ctx->penalty_present == 0.0f)) {
2674        return;
2675    }
2676
2677    // Apply frequency and presence penalties to the cur_p
2678    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
2679        const auto token_iter = ctx->token_count.find(cur_p->data[i].id);
2680        if (token_iter == ctx->token_count.end()) {
2681            continue;
2682        }
2683
2684        const int count = token_iter->second;
2685
2686        assert(count > 0 && count <= ctx->penalty_last_n);
2687
2688        // The academic publication that described this technique actually just only divided, but that would cause tokens with negative logits to become more likely, which is obviously wrong.
2689        // This is common fix for this problem, which is to multiply by the penalty instead of dividing.
2690        if (cur_p->data[i].logit <= 0) {
2691            cur_p->data[i].logit *= ctx->penalty_repeat;
2692        } else {
2693            cur_p->data[i].logit /= ctx->penalty_repeat;
2694        }
2695
2696        cur_p->data[i].logit -= float(count) * ctx->penalty_freq + float(count > 0) * ctx->penalty_present;
2697    }
2698
2699    cur_p->sorted = false;
2700}
2701
2702static void llama_sampler_penalties_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2703    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_penalties *) smpl->ctx;
2704    ctx->prev.clear();
2705    ctx->token_count.clear();
2706}
2707
2708static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_penalties_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2709    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_penalties *) smpl->ctx;
2710    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_penalties(
2711            ctx->penalty_last_n,
2712            ctx->penalty_repeat,
2713            ctx->penalty_freq,
2714            ctx->penalty_present);
2715
2716    // copy the state
2717    {
2718        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_penalties *) result->ctx;
2719
2720        result_ctx->prev = ctx->prev;
2721    }
2722
2723    return result;
2724}
2725
2726static void llama_sampler_penalties_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2727    delete (llama_sampler_penalties *) smpl->ctx;
2728}
2729
2730static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_penalties_i = {
2731    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_penalties_name,
2732    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_penalties_accept,
2733    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_penalties_apply,
2734    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_penalties_reset,
2735    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_penalties_clone,
2736    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_penalties_free,
2737    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
2738    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
2739    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
2740    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
2741};
2742
2743struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_penalties(
2744        int32_t penalty_last_n,
2745        float penalty_repeat,
2746        float penalty_freq,
2747        float penalty_present) {
2748    penalty_last_n = std::max(penalty_last_n, 0);
2749
2750    const bool is_empty = (penalty_last_n == 0 || (penalty_repeat == 1.0f && penalty_freq == 0.0f && penalty_present == 0.0f));
2751
2752    if (is_empty) {
2753        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?penalties");
2754    }
2755
2756    return llama_sampler_init(
2757        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_penalties_i,
2758        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_penalties {
2759            /* .penalty_last_n  = */ penalty_last_n,
2760            /* .penalty_repeat  = */ penalty_repeat,
2761            /* .penalty_freq    = */ penalty_freq,
2762            /* .penalty_present = */ penalty_present,
2763            /* .prev            = */ ring_buffer<llama_token>(penalty_last_n),
2764            /* .token_count     = */ {},
2765        }
2766    );
2767}
2768
2769// top-n-sigma
2770
2771struct llama_sampler_top_n_sigma {
2772    const float n;
2773};
2774
2775static const char * llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
2776    return "top-n-sigma";
2777}
2778
2779static void llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
2780    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_top_n_sigma *) smpl->ctx;
2781
2782    if (ctx->n <= 0.0f || cur_p->size <= 1) {
2783        return;
2784    }
2785
2786    // find max logit and calculate mean
2787    float max = cur_p->data[0].logit;
2788    float logits_sum = 0;
2789    size_t valid_count = 0;
2790    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
2791        // Only count non-negative infinity values
2792        if (cur_p->data[i].logit != -INFINITY) {
2793            max = std::max(max, cur_p->data[i].logit);
2794            logits_sum += cur_p->data[i].logit;
2795            valid_count++;
2796        }
2797    }
2798    float mean = valid_count > 0 ? logits_sum/valid_count : 0;
2799
2800    // calculate standard deviation
2801    float acc = 0;
2802    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
2803        // Skip -infinity in std calculation
2804        if (cur_p->data[i].logit != -INFINITY) {
2805            acc += pow(cur_p->data[i].logit - mean, 2);
2806        }
2807    }
2808    float std = valid_count > 0 ? sqrt(acc/valid_count) : 0;
2809
2810    // apply mask
2811    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
2812        if (cur_p->data[i].logit < max - (ctx->n * std)) {
2813            cur_p->data[i].logit = -INFINITY;
2814        }
2815    }
2816
2817    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
2818}
2819
2820static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2821    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_top_n_sigma *) smpl->ctx;
2822    return llama_sampler_init_top_n_sigma(ctx->n);
2823}
2824
2825static void llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
2826    delete (llama_sampler_top_n_sigma *) smpl->ctx;
2827}
2828
2829static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_i = {
2830    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_name,
2831    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
2832    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_apply,
2833    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
2834    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_clone,
2835    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_free,
2836    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
2837    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
2838    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
2839    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
2840};
2841
2842struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_n_sigma(float n) {
2843    const bool is_empty = (n <= 0.0f);
2844
2845    if (is_empty) {
2846        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?top-n-sigma");
2847    }
2848
2849    return llama_sampler_init(
2850        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_top_n_sigma_i,
2851        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_top_n_sigma {
2852            /* .n = */ n,
2853        }
2854    );
2855}
2856
2857// DRY
2858
2859struct llama_sampler_dry {
2860    int32_t total_context_size;
2861
2862    const float   dry_multiplier;
2863    const float   dry_base;
2864    const int32_t dry_allowed_length;
2865    const int32_t dry_penalty_last_n;
2866
2867    std::unordered_multimap<llama_token, std::vector<llama_token>> dry_processed_breakers;
2868    std::vector<int> dry_repeat_count;
2869    std::unordered_map<llama_token, int> dry_max_token_repeat;
2870    ring_buffer<llama_token> last_tokens;
2871};
2872
2873// Ported from Koboldcpp, original PR: https://github.com/LostRuins/koboldcpp/pull/982 (Original author: pi6am)
2874static void get_overlapping_token_sequences(const llama_vocab & vocab, const std::string& str, std::unordered_multimap<llama_token, std::vector<llama_token>>& token_sequences, int max_tail_len = -1) {
2875    for (llama_token token_id = 0; token_id < (llama_token) vocab.n_tokens(); token_id++) {
2876        std::string word = vocab.detokenize({token_id}, true);
2877        if (word.find(str) != std::string::npos) {
2878            token_sequences.emplace(token_id, std::vector<llama_token>());
2879        } else {
2880            size_t word_len = word.size();
2881            size_t str_len = str.size();
2882            size_t pos = -1;
2883            while ((pos = word.find(str[0], pos + 1)) != std::string::npos) {
2884                bool match = true;
2885                size_t i;
2886                for (i = 1; i < str_len && i + pos < word_len; ++i) {
2887                    if (word[pos + i] != str[i]) {
2888                        match = false;
2889                        break;
2890                    }
2891                }
2892                if (match) {
2893                    std::vector<llama_token> tokenization = vocab.tokenize(str.substr(i), false, false);
2894                    if (max_tail_len >= 0 && tokenization.size() > (size_t)max_tail_len) {
2895                        tokenization.resize(max_tail_len);
2896                    }
2897
2898                    // Ensure we don't already have a duplicate matching tokenization
2899                    auto its = token_sequences.equal_range(token_id);
2900                    bool found = false;
2901                    for (auto it = its.first; it != its.second; ++it) {
2902                        if (tokenization == it->second) {
2903                            found = true;
2904                            break;
2905                        }
2906                    }
2907                    if (!found) {
2908                        token_sequences.emplace(token_id, tokenization);
2909                    }
2910                }
2911            }
2912        }
2913    }
2914}
2915
2916static const char * llama_sampler_dry_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
2917    return "dry";
2918}
2919
2920static void llama_sampler_dry_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
2921    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dry *) smpl->ctx;
2922    if (ctx->dry_multiplier == 0.0f || ctx->dry_base < 1.0f || ctx->dry_penalty_last_n == 0) {
2923        return;
2924    }
2925
2926    ctx->last_tokens.push_back(token);
2927}
2928
2929// Ported from Koboldcpp, original PR: https://github.com/LostRuins/koboldcpp/pull/982 (Original author: pi6am)
2930static void llama_sampler_dry_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
2931    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dry *) smpl->ctx;
2932
2933    if (ctx->dry_multiplier == 0.0f || ctx->dry_base < 1.0f || ctx->dry_penalty_last_n == 0) {
2934        return;
2935    }
2936
2937    int32_t effective_dry_penalty_last_n = (ctx->dry_penalty_last_n == -1) ? ctx->total_context_size : std::max(ctx->dry_penalty_last_n, 0);
2938    int last_n_repeat = std::min(std::min((int)ctx->last_tokens.size(), effective_dry_penalty_last_n), ctx->total_context_size);
2939
2940    if (last_n_repeat <= ctx->dry_allowed_length) {
2941        return;
2942    }
2943
2944    ctx->dry_repeat_count.assign(last_n_repeat, 0);
2945    ctx->dry_max_token_repeat.clear();
2946
2947    // Step 1: Look for restart sequences to limit the maximum repetition length.
2948    // Work backwards through the context looking for any token that begins a restart sequence.
2949    //
2950    // The collection `restart_sequences` is a mapping from a "head" token to all "tail"
2951    // sequences that together comprise a restart sequence. This allows us to quickly check
2952    // whether each token is the head of a complete sequence. Most restart sequences are actually
2953    // a single token, and for these the "tail" is an empty vector.
2954    //
2955    // If the token is a "head", test all restart sequences that begin with this token
2956    // (there will often only be one sequence for each token, but if sequences like 'aaaq1' and
2957    // 'aaa1' are used as restart strings, both could start with 'aaa' when tokenized). The
2958    // longest matching sequence (if any) is used to limit the maximum repetition length.
2959    //
2960    // Note that in the case case of a short sequence contained in a longer one, this might fail to
2961    // find the smallest value for `rep_limit`. For example, if 'amniotic' and 'ni' are both used as
2962    // restart sequences, 'ni' will be found first, and since it's shorter it will fail to suppress
2963    // 'otic'. This is a minor issue since fully contained restart sequences are likely to be rare.
2964    //
2965    // This is theoretically worst-case O(N^2) for arbitrary restart sequences, which is why we
2966    // have already clamped the maximum tail sequence length when generating `restart_sequences`.
2967    // With clamping, this scan is O(N) in the context length.
2968
2969    int rep_limit = last_n_repeat;
2970    for (int i = 0; i < last_n_repeat; ++i) {
2971        llama_token token = ctx->last_tokens.rat(i);
2972        auto its = ctx->dry_processed_breakers.equal_range(token);
2973        if (its.first == ctx->dry_processed_breakers.end()) {
2974            continue;
2975        }
2976        int longest_match = -1;
2977        for (auto it = its.first; it != its.second; ++it) {
2978            // Note that (*it) does not contain the head character, so seq_len will be
2979            // the restart sequence length minus 1.
2980            // In the common case of a single-token restart sequence, (*it) will be empty
2981            // and we will trivially match.
2982            int seq_len = (int)it->second.size();
2983            if (seq_len > longest_match && seq_len <= (int)i) {
2984                bool match = true;
2985                for (int offset = 0; offset < seq_len; ++offset) {
2986                    // The -1 when indexing `last_tokens` is because we already matched the head.
2987                    if (it->second[offset] != ctx->last_tokens.rat(i - offset - 1)) {
2988                        match = false;
2989                        break;
2990                    }
2991                }
2992                if (match) {
2993                    longest_match = seq_len;
2994                }
2995            }
2996        }
2997        if (longest_match >= 0) {
2998            // We found a restart sequence starting `i` tokens from the end and continuing for
2999            // `longest_match` tokens.
3000            rep_limit = i - longest_match;
3001            break;
3002        }
3003    }
3004    if (rep_limit < ctx->dry_allowed_length) {
3005        return;
3006    }
3007
3008    // Step 2: Iterate in reverse over the last N tokens of the context, using the "Z-algorithm" (in
3009    // the reverse direction) to efficiently compute the positions and lengths of suffixes appearing
3010    // elsewhere in the context. We limit the suffix length to `rep_limit` to respect restart sequences.
3011    //
3012    // This algorithm is not currently documented on Wikipedia, but there is a clear description here:
3013    // https://ivanyu.me/blog/2014/10/15/z-algorithm/
3014    //
3015    // The code below is adapted from the public domain implementation by the same author here:
3016    // https://github.com/ivanyu/string-algorithms/blob/master/z_algorithm.py
3017    //
3018    // Example:
3019    // Last N tokens: a b c c b c y a b c
3020    // Repeat counts: 0 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
3021    //                    ^
3022    //   This `3` means that the last three tokens of the context (a b c) also appear here.
3023    //
3024    // This step is worst case O(N) since the Z-algorithm is linear, despite the appearance of nested
3025    // for/while loops. This can be seen by observing that the `lt` and `rt` bounds are set after each
3026    // repeated suffix is detected (i.e. after each while loop when n > 0). These bound variables
3027    // ensure that the inner while loops only examine each token in the context once as the outer
3028    // for loop iterates over the context.
3029
3030    {
3031        const int last = last_n_repeat - 1;
3032
3033        int rt = 0;
3034        int lt = 0;
3035
3036        for (int k = 1; k < last_n_repeat; ++k) {
3037            if (k > rt) {
3038                // If k is outside the current Z-box, do naive computation.
3039                int n = 0;
3040                while (n + k < last_n_repeat && ctx->last_tokens.rat(n) == ctx->last_tokens.rat(n+k)) {
3041                    ++n;
3042                }
3043                ctx->dry_repeat_count[last - k] = std::min(n, rep_limit);
3044                if (n > 0) {
3045                    lt = k;
3046                    rt = k + n - 1;
3047                }
3048            } else {
3049                // If k is inside the current Z-box, consider two cases.
3050
3051                int p = k - lt; // Pair index.
3052                int right_part_len = rt - k + 1;
3053
3054                if (ctx->dry_repeat_count[last - p] < right_part_len) {
3055                    int n = std::min(ctx->dry_repeat_count[last - p], rep_limit);
3056                    ctx->dry_repeat_count[last - k] = n;
3057                } else {
3058                    int i = rt + 1;
3059                    while (i < last_n_repeat && ctx->last_tokens.rat(i) == ctx->last_tokens.rat(i - k)) {
3060                        i += 1;
3061                    }
3062
3063                    int n = std::min(i - k, rep_limit);
3064                    ctx->dry_repeat_count[last - k] = n;
3065                    lt = k;
3066                    rt = i - 1;
3067                }
3068            }
3069        }
3070    }
3071
3072    // Step 3: Iterate over dry_repeat_count and last_tokens, examining the maximum repeat length
3073    // that would be generated by emitting each new token that would extend a sequence.
3074    //
3075    // Following the same example as above:
3076    // Last N tokens: a b c c b c y a b c
3077    // Repeat counts: 0 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
3078    //
3079    // For each non-zero, look ahead one token. This token, if emitted, would extend the repetition.
3080    // c: 3 -> 4 (from `a b c` to `a b c c`)
3081    // b: 1 -> 2 (from `c` to `c b`)
3082    // y: 2 -> 3 (from `b c` to `b c y`)
3083
3084    for (int i = 0; i < last_n_repeat - 1; ++i) {
3085        int repeat_len = ctx->dry_repeat_count[i];
3086        if (repeat_len >= ctx->dry_allowed_length) {
3087            // This token ends a repeat, so the next token would continue one.
3088            // By convention, the value of `repeat_len` only includes the tokens currently
3089            // in the context, not the new token that would be added.
3090            llama_token token = ctx->last_tokens.rat(last_n_repeat - 2 - i);
3091            // Track the maximum sequence ending in this token.
3092            const auto& it = ctx->dry_max_token_repeat.find(token);
3093            if (it == ctx->dry_max_token_repeat.end() || it->second < repeat_len) {
3094                ctx->dry_max_token_repeat[token] = repeat_len;
3095            }
3096        }
3097    }
3098
3099    // Step 4: Apply logit penalties based on the maximum repeat length for relevant tokens.
3100
3101    // Prevent floating point overflow in `pow(penalty_base, exponent)` by clamping to `max_exponent`.
3102    // Compute it from `penalty_base` and the approximate log of `std::numeric_limits<float>::max()`
3103    const float FLOAT_MAX_LOG = 88.7228391f;
3104    int max_exponent = 0;
3105    if (ctx->dry_base > 1.000001f) {
3106        max_exponent = FLOAT_MAX_LOG / std::log(ctx->dry_base);
3107    }
3108
3109    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3110        const auto& af_kvp = ctx->dry_max_token_repeat.find(cur_p->data[i].id);
3111        if (af_kvp != ctx->dry_max_token_repeat.end()) {
3112            // Check all sequence breakers starting with this token
3113            auto range = ctx->dry_processed_breakers.equal_range(cur_p->data[i].id);
3114            bool is_single_token_breaker = false;
3115
3116            for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
3117                if (it->second.empty()) {
3118                    is_single_token_breaker = true;
3119                    break;
3120                }
3121            }
3122
3123            // Apply penalty only if it's not a single-token sequence breaker
3124            if (!is_single_token_breaker) {
3125                int repeat_exp = af_kvp->second - ctx->dry_allowed_length;
3126                if (max_exponent > 0 && repeat_exp > max_exponent) {
3127                    repeat_exp = max_exponent;
3128                }
3129                float penalty = ctx->dry_multiplier * std::pow(ctx->dry_base, repeat_exp);
3130                cur_p->data[i].logit -= penalty;
3131            }
3132        }
3133    }
3134
3135    cur_p->sorted = false;
3136}
3137
3138static void llama_sampler_dry_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3139    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dry *) smpl->ctx;
3140    ctx->last_tokens.clear();
3141    ctx->dry_repeat_count.clear();
3142    ctx->dry_max_token_repeat.clear();
3143}
3144
3145static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_dry_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3146    const auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dry *) smpl->ctx;
3147
3148    llama_vocab dummy_vocab;
3149
3150    // dummy vocab is passed because it is only needed for raw sequence breaker processing, which we have already done and will simply be copying
3151    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_dry(&dummy_vocab, ctx->total_context_size, ctx->dry_multiplier, ctx->dry_base, ctx->dry_allowed_length, ctx->dry_penalty_last_n, NULL, 0);
3152
3153    // Copy the state, including the processed breakers
3154    {
3155        auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_dry *) result->ctx;
3156        result_ctx->dry_processed_breakers = ctx->dry_processed_breakers;
3157        result_ctx->dry_repeat_count = ctx->dry_repeat_count;
3158        result_ctx->dry_max_token_repeat = ctx->dry_max_token_repeat;
3159        result_ctx->last_tokens = ctx->last_tokens;
3160    }
3161
3162    return result;
3163}
3164
3165static void llama_sampler_dry_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3166    delete (llama_sampler_dry *) smpl->ctx;
3167}
3168
3169static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_dry_i = {
3170    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_dry_name,
3171    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_dry_accept,
3172    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_dry_apply,
3173    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_dry_reset,
3174    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_dry_clone,
3175    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_dry_free,
3176    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
3177    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
3178    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
3179    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
3180};
3181
3182struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, int32_t n_ctx_train, float dry_multiplier, float dry_base, int32_t dry_allowed_length, int32_t dry_penalty_last_n, const char** seq_breakers, size_t num_breakers) {
3183    int32_t effective_dry_penalty_last_n = (dry_penalty_last_n == -1) ? n_ctx_train : std::max(dry_penalty_last_n, 0);
3184    std::unordered_multimap<llama_token, std::vector<llama_token>> processed_breakers;
3185    const int MAX_CHAR_LEN = 40;
3186    const int MAX_SEQ_LEN = 20;
3187
3188    const bool dry_enabled = (dry_multiplier != 0.0f && dry_base >= 1.0f && dry_penalty_last_n != 0);
3189
3190    if (!dry_enabled) {
3191        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?dry");
3192    }
3193
3194    if (dry_enabled && seq_breakers != nullptr && num_breakers > 0) {
3195        // Process sequence breakers
3196        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_breakers; ++i) {
3197            if (seq_breakers[i] == nullptr || std::strlen(seq_breakers[i]) == 0) {
3198                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("skipping null or empty DRY sequence breaker at index %zu\n", i);
3199                continue;
3200            }
3201
3202            std::string sequence_break(seq_breakers[i]);
3203            if (sequence_break.empty()) {
3204                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("skipping empty DRY sequence breaker\n");
3205                continue;
3206            }
3207
3208            if (sequence_break.size() > MAX_CHAR_LEN) {
3209                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("truncating DRY sequence breaker to %d characters\n", MAX_CHAR_LEN);
3210                sequence_break.resize(MAX_CHAR_LEN);
3211            }
3212
3213            get_overlapping_token_sequences(*vocab, sequence_break, processed_breakers, MAX_SEQ_LEN);
3214        }
3215    }
3216
3217    return llama_sampler_init(
3218        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_dry_i,
3219        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_dry {
3220            /* .total_context_size     = */ n_ctx_train,
3221            /* .dry_multiplier         = */ dry_multiplier,
3222            /* .dry_base               = */ dry_base,
3223            /* .dry_allowed_length     = */ dry_allowed_length,
3224            /* .dry_penalty_last_n     = */ dry_penalty_last_n,
3225            /* .dry_processed_breakers = */ std::move(processed_breakers),
3226            /* .dry_repeat_count       = */ dry_enabled ? std::vector<int>(effective_dry_penalty_last_n, 0) : std::vector<int>{},
3227            /* .dry_max_token_repeat   = */ {},
3228            /* .last_tokens            = */ dry_enabled ? ring_buffer<llama_token>(effective_dry_penalty_last_n) : ring_buffer<llama_token>(0),
3229        }
3230    );
3231}
3232
3233// wrapper for test-sampling.cpp
3234struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_dry_testing(int32_t context_size, float dry_multiplier, float dry_base, int32_t dry_allowed_length, int32_t dry_penalty_last_n, const std::vector<std::vector<llama_token>>& seq_breakers) {
3235    llama_vocab dummy_vocab;
3236    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_dry(&dummy_vocab, context_size, dry_multiplier, dry_base, dry_allowed_length, dry_penalty_last_n, NULL, 0);
3237    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_dry *) result->ctx;
3238
3239    // Process the token-based sequence breakers
3240    ctx->dry_processed_breakers.clear();
3241    if (seq_breakers.empty()) {
3242        LLAMA_LOG_WARN("empty DRY sequence breakers list in llama_sampler_init_dry_testing\n");
3243    } else {
3244        for (const auto& breaker : seq_breakers) {
3245            if (breaker.empty()) {
3246                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("skipping DRY empty sequence breaker\n");
3247                continue;
3248            }
3249            llama_token head_token = breaker[0];
3250            std::vector<llama_token> tail_tokens(breaker.begin() + 1, breaker.end());
3251            ctx->dry_processed_breakers.emplace(head_token, std::move(tail_tokens));
3252        }
3253
3254        if (ctx->dry_processed_breakers.empty()) {
3255            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("no valid DRY sequence breakers processed in llama_sampler_init_dry_testing\n");
3256        }
3257    }
3258
3259    return result;
3260}
3261
3262// adaptive-p sampler state
3263//
3264// maintains an exponential moving average of the *ORIGINAL* probabilities
3265// of selected tokens, used to compute an adapted target at each sampling step.
3266//
3267// see llama.h for a full description of the sampler
3268//
3269// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17927
3270//
3271struct llama_sampler_adaptive_p {
3272    const float        target;            // target probability (0.0 - 1.0; negative = disabled)
3273    const float        decay;             // EMA decay; history ~= 1/(1-decay) tokens (0.0 - 0.99)
3274    const uint32_t     seed;              // original RNG seed
3275    uint32_t           seed_cur;          // actual RNG seed
3276    std::mt19937       rng;               // RNG state
3277    float              weighted_sum;      // sum(p_i * decay^i)
3278    float              total_weight;      // sum(decay^i), converges to 1/(1-decay)
3279    std::vector<float> original_probs;    // pre-transform probs, cached for EMA update
3280    llama_token        pending_token_id;  // token ID of selected token
3281    int32_t            pending_token_idx; // index of orig. prob. of selected token in original_probs
3282};
3283
3284// adaptive probability transformation constants
3285static constexpr float DISTRIBUTION_WIDTH =  0.3f;
3286static constexpr float PEAK_LOGIT_VALUE   =  5.0f;
3287static constexpr float SHARPNESS          = 10.0f;
3288static constexpr float INV_WIDTH          =  1.0f / DISTRIBUTION_WIDTH;
3289
3290static const char * llama_sampler_adaptive_p_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
3291    return "adaptive-p";
3292}
3293
3294static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
3295    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
3296
3297    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, false);
3298
3299    if (ctx->target < 0.0f) {
3300        // at negative target values, adaptive-p is no-op
3301        // we simply sample from the existing distribution
3302        cur_p->selected = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
3303        return;
3304    }
3305
3306    // store the original probabilities
3307    ctx->original_probs.resize(cur_p->size);
3308    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3309        ctx->original_probs[i] = cur_p->data[i].p;
3310    }
3311
3312    // using the EMA, compute the adapted target probability for the current sampling step
3313    auto target = std::clamp(ctx->target, 0.0f, 1.0f);
3314    float adapted_target = std::clamp(
3315        ctx->total_weight == 0.0f ? target : 2.0f * target - (ctx->weighted_sum / ctx->total_weight),
3316        0.0f, 1.0f
3317    );
3318
3319    // adaptive probability transform
3320    //
3321    // quadratic near target for fine differentiation, transitioning to linear decay in the
3322    // tails. unbounded negative logits ensure proper suppression of far-from-target tokens
3323    // after the softmax.
3324    //
3325    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3326        if (cur_p->data[i].logit == -INFINITY) {
3327            // don't transform logits that are -INFINITY
3328            // (as masked out by e.g. min-p and top-p when using backend sampling)
3329            continue;
3330        }
3331        float dist = std::abs((cur_p->data[i].p - adapted_target) * INV_WIDTH);
3332        cur_p->data[i].logit = PEAK_LOGIT_VALUE - SHARPNESS * dist * dist / (1.0f + dist);
3333    }
3334
3335    // softmax and sample from the transformed distribution
3336    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, false);
3337    const int idx   = llama_sample_dist(cur_p, ctx->rng);
3338    cur_p->selected = idx;
3339
3340    // store the selected token ID for acceptance later
3341    ctx->pending_token_id  = cur_p->data[idx].id;
3342    ctx->pending_token_idx = idx;
3343}
3344
3345static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
3346    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
3347    if (ctx->pending_token_id == token) {
3348        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->pending_token_id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL);
3349        GGML_ASSERT(ctx->pending_token_idx != -1);
3350        // update EMA with the original probability of the selected token
3351        ctx->weighted_sum = ctx->original_probs[ctx->pending_token_idx] + ctx->decay * ctx->weighted_sum;
3352        ctx->total_weight = 1.0f + ctx->decay * ctx->total_weight;
3353    }
3354    ctx->pending_token_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
3355    ctx->pending_token_idx = -1;
3356}
3357
3358static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3359    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
3360    // ctx->target and ctx->decay never change after init, so it's safe to keep them as is.
3361    // original_probs is completely overwritten on every call to _apply.
3362    // so we only need to reset the EMA state and pending token.
3363    ctx->weighted_sum      = ctx->target / (1.0f - ctx->decay);
3364    ctx->total_weight      = 1.0f / (1.0f - ctx->decay);
3365    ctx->pending_token_id  = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
3366    ctx->pending_token_idx = -1;
3367    ctx->seed_cur          = get_rng_seed(ctx->seed);
3368    ctx->rng.seed(ctx->seed_cur);
3369}
3370
3371static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_adaptive_p_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3372    const auto * ctx  = (const llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
3373    auto * result     = llama_sampler_init_adaptive_p(ctx->target, ctx->decay, ctx->seed);
3374    auto * result_ctx = (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) result->ctx;
3375
3376    // copy everything (target, decay, seed, and RNG are already set)
3377    result_ctx->weighted_sum      = ctx->weighted_sum;
3378    result_ctx->total_weight      = ctx->total_weight;
3379    result_ctx->pending_token_id  = ctx->pending_token_id;
3380    result_ctx->pending_token_idx = ctx->pending_token_idx;
3381
3382    return result;
3383}
3384
3385static void llama_sampler_adaptive_p_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3386    delete (llama_sampler_adaptive_p *) smpl->ctx;
3387}
3388
3389static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_adaptive_p_i = {
3390    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_name,
3391    /* .accept            = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_accept,
3392    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_apply,
3393    /* .reset             = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_reset,
3394    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_clone,
3395    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_adaptive_p_free,
3396    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
3397    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
3398    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
3399    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
3400};
3401
3402struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_adaptive_p(
3403    float    target,
3404    float    decay,
3405    uint32_t seed
3406) {
3407    auto seed_cur = get_rng_seed(seed);
3408    float clamped_decay = std::clamp(decay, 0.0f, 0.99f);
3409    return llama_sampler_init(
3410        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_adaptive_p_i,
3411        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_adaptive_p {
3412            /* .target            = */ target,
3413            /* .decay             = */ clamped_decay,
3414            /* .seed              = */ seed,
3415            /* .seed_cur          = */ seed_cur,
3416            /* .rng               = */ std::mt19937(seed_cur),
3417            /* .weighted_sum      = */ target / (1.0f - clamped_decay),
3418            /* .total_weight      = */ 1.0f / (1.0f - clamped_decay),
3419            /* .original_probs    = */ {},
3420            /* .pending_token_id  = */ LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL,
3421            /* .pending_token_idx = */ -1
3422        }
3423    );
3424}
3425
3426// logit-bias
3427
3428struct llama_sampler_logit_bias : public llama_sampler_backend {
3429    const int32_t n_vocab;
3430
3431    const std::vector<llama_logit_bias> logit_bias;
3432
3433    std::vector<llama_logit_bias> to_search;
3434
3435    struct ggml_tensor * inp_logit_bias;
3436    struct ggml_tensor * inp_logit_idxs;
3437};
3438
3439static const char * llama_sampler_logit_bias_name(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3440    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
3441    return ctx->get_name();
3442}
3443
3444static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
3445    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
3446
3447    if (ctx->logit_bias.empty()) {
3448        return;
3449    }
3450
3451    ctx->to_search.clear();
3452
3453    // update the candidates that have not been shuffled in the vocabulary (i.e. idx == id)
3454    for (const auto & lb : ctx->logit_bias) {
3455        if (lb.token >= 0 && cur_p->size > (size_t) lb.token && cur_p->data[lb.token].id == lb.token) {
3456            cur_p->data[lb.token].logit += lb.bias;
3457        } else {
3458            ctx->to_search.push_back(lb);
3459        }
3460    }
3461
3462    if (ctx->to_search.empty()) {
3463        return;
3464    }
3465
3466    // search for the remaining candidates that were not found in the previous step
3467    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3468        for (const auto & lb : ctx->to_search) {
3469            if (cur_p->data[i].id == lb.token) {
3470                cur_p->data[i].logit += lb.bias;
3471                break;
3472            }
3473        }
3474    }
3475}
3476
3477static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_logit_bias_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3478    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
3479    return llama_sampler_init_logit_bias(ctx->n_vocab, ctx->logit_bias.size(), ctx->logit_bias.data());
3480}
3481
3482static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3483    delete (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
3484}
3485
3486static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_apply(
3487        struct llama_sampler      * smpl,
3488        struct ggml_context       * ctx,
3489        struct ggml_cgraph        * gf,
3490        struct llama_sampler_data * data) {
3491    GGML_UNUSED(gf);
3492    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
3493
3494    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
3495    if (sctx->logit_bias.empty()) {
3496        return;
3497    }
3498
3499    const size_t n = sctx->logit_bias.size();
3500
3501    sctx->inp_logit_bias = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1, n);
3502    ggml_set_name(sctx->inp_logit_bias, "logit_bias");
3503    ggml_set_input(sctx->inp_logit_bias);
3504
3505    sctx->inp_logit_idxs = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, n);
3506    ggml_set_name(sctx->inp_logit_idxs, "logit_idxs");
3507    ggml_set_input(sctx->inp_logit_idxs);
3508
3509    ggml_tensor * cur = ggml_fill(ctx, data->logits, 0.0f);
3510
3511    cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, cur, 1, ggml_nelements(cur));
3512    cur = ggml_set_rows(ctx, cur, sctx->inp_logit_bias, sctx->inp_logit_idxs);
3513    cur = ggml_reshape_1d(ctx, cur, ggml_nelements(cur));
3514
3515    data->logits = ggml_add(ctx, data->logits, cur);
3516}
3517
3518static void llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_set_input(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3519    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
3520    if (sctx->logit_bias.empty()) {
3521        return;
3522    }
3523
3524    GGML_ASSERT(sctx->inp_logit_bias != nullptr);
3525    GGML_ASSERT(sctx->inp_logit_idxs != nullptr);
3526
3527    const size_t n = sctx->logit_bias.size();
3528
3529    std::vector<float>   data_logit_bias(n, 0.0f);
3530    std::vector<int32_t> data_logit_idxs(n, 0);
3531    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
3532        const auto & lb = sctx->logit_bias[i];
3533        GGML_ASSERT(lb.token >= 0 && lb.token < (int32_t) sctx->n_vocab);
3534        data_logit_bias[i] = lb.bias;
3535        data_logit_idxs[i] = lb.token;
3536    }
3537
3538    ggml_backend_tensor_set(sctx->inp_logit_bias, data_logit_bias.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(sctx->inp_logit_bias));
3539    ggml_backend_tensor_set(sctx->inp_logit_idxs, data_logit_idxs.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(sctx->inp_logit_idxs));
3540}
3541
3542static bool llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_init(
3543        struct llama_sampler       * smpl,
3544        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t   buft) {
3545    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
3546
3547    auto * sctx = (llama_sampler_logit_bias *) smpl->ctx;
3548
3549    sctx->init(true);
3550
3551    if (sctx->logit_bias.empty()) {
3552        return true;
3553    }
3554
3555    return true;
3556}
3557
3558static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_logit_bias_i = {
3559    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_name,
3560    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
3561    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_apply,
3562    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
3563    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_clone,
3564    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_free,
3565    /* .backend_init      = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_init,
3566    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
3567    /* .backend_apply     = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_apply,
3568    /* .backend_set_input = */ llama_sampler_logit_bias_backend_set_input,
3569};
3570
3571struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_logit_bias(
3572                         int32_t   n_vocab,
3573                         int32_t   n_logit_bias,
3574          const llama_logit_bias * logit_bias) {
3575    const bool is_empty = n_logit_bias <= 0;
3576
3577    if (is_empty) {
3578        return llama_sampler_init_empty("?logit-bias");
3579    }
3580
3581    return llama_sampler_init(
3582        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_logit_bias_i,
3583        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_logit_bias {
3584            ("logit-bias"),
3585            /* .n_vocab        = */ n_vocab,
3586            /* .logit_bias     = */ std::vector<llama_logit_bias>(logit_bias, logit_bias + n_logit_bias),
3587            /* .to_search      = */ {},
3588            /* .inp_logit_bias = */ nullptr,
3589            /* .inp_logit_idxs = */ nullptr,
3590        }
3591    );
3592}
3593
3594// infill
3595
3596//#define GGML_DEBUG_SAMPLER_INFILL
3597
3598struct llama_sampler_infill {
3599    const struct llama_vocab * vocab;
3600
3601    std::vector<char> buf0;
3602    std::vector<char> buf1;
3603};
3604
3605static const char * llama_sampler_infill_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
3606    return "infill";
3607}
3608
3609static void llama_sampler_infill_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
3610    auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_infill *) smpl->ctx;
3611
3612    llama_sampler_softmax_impl(cur_p, true);
3613
3614#if defined(GGML_DEBUG_SAMPLER_INFILL)
3615#define LOG_DBG_CUR LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG
3616#else
3617#define LOG_DBG_CUR(...)
3618#endif
3619
3620    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3621        LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: cur_p[%3zu] = { id: %6d, p: %.6f, logit: %6.3f }\n", __func__, i, cur_p->data[i].id, cur_p->data[i].p, cur_p->data[i].logit);
3622    }
3623
3624    float p_txt_sum = 0.0f;
3625    float p_eog_sum = 0.0f;
3626
3627    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3628        if (ctx->vocab->is_eog(cur_p->data[i].id)) {
3629            p_eog_sum += cur_p->data[i].p;
3630        } else {
3631            p_txt_sum += cur_p->data[i].p;
3632        }
3633    }
3634
3635    const float rat = p_eog_sum == 0.0 ? INFINITY : p_txt_sum / p_eog_sum; GGML_UNUSED(rat);
3636
3637    LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: p_txt_sum = %.2f, p_eog_sum = %.2f, rat = %.2f, n = %zu\n", __func__, p_txt_sum, p_eog_sum, rat, cur_p->size);
3638
3639    if (3*p_eog_sum*cur_p->size > p_txt_sum) {
3640        LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: the ratio p_txt/p_eog = %.2f is too low -> sampling EOG\n", __func__, p_txt_sum/p_eog_sum);
3641
3642        // keep just the EOG tokens
3643        const auto size_org = cur_p->size;
3644
3645        cur_p->size = 0;
3646
3647        float p_sum = 0.0f;
3648
3649        for (size_t i = 0; i < size_org; ++i) {
3650            if (ctx->vocab->is_eog(cur_p->data[i].id)) {
3651                p_sum += cur_p->data[i].p;
3652
3653                cur_p->data[cur_p->size++] = cur_p->data[i];
3654            }
3655        }
3656
3657        // normalize probs
3658        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3659            cur_p->data[i].p /= p_sum;
3660        }
3661
3662        return;
3663    }
3664
3665    size_t n_combined = 0; GGML_UNUSED(n_combined);
3666
3667    // combine tokens with common prefix
3668    for (size_t i0 = 0; i0 < cur_p->size; ++i0) {
3669        for (size_t i1 = 0; i1 < cur_p->size; ++i1) {
3670            if (cur_p->data[i0].logit == -INFINITY) {
3671                break;
3672            }
3673
3674            if (i0 == i1 || cur_p->data[i1].logit == -INFINITY) {
3675                continue;
3676            }
3677
3678            int len0 = ctx->vocab->token_to_piece(cur_p->data[i0].id, ctx->buf0.data(), ctx->buf0.size(), 0, false);
3679            if (len0 < 0) {
3680                ctx->buf0.resize(len0);
3681                len0 = ctx->vocab->token_to_piece(cur_p->data[i0].id, ctx->buf0.data(), ctx->buf0.size(), 0, false);
3682                assert(len0 > 0);
3683            }
3684
3685            int len1 = ctx->vocab->token_to_piece(cur_p->data[i1].id, ctx->buf1.data(), ctx->buf1.size(), 0, false);
3686            if (len1 < 0) {
3687                ctx->buf1.resize(len1);
3688                len1 = ctx->vocab->token_to_piece(cur_p->data[i1].id, ctx->buf1.data(), ctx->buf1.size(), 0, false);
3689                assert(len1 > 0);
3690            }
3691
3692            // token i0 is a prefix of token i1
3693            if (len0 > 0 && len0 <= len1 && memcmp(ctx->buf0.data(), ctx->buf1.data(), len0) == 0) {
3694                int dst = i0;
3695                int src = i1;
3696
3697                // merge into the token with higher probability
3698                if (cur_p->data[i1].p > cur_p->data[i0].p) {
3699                    std::swap(dst, src);
3700                }
3701
3702                cur_p->data[dst].p += cur_p->data[src].p;
3703                cur_p->data[src].logit = -INFINITY;
3704                cur_p->data[src].p     = 0.0f;
3705
3706                n_combined++;
3707            }
3708        }
3709    }
3710
3711    size_t n_non_eog = 0;
3712
3713    size_t size_org = cur_p->size;
3714
3715    float p_sum = 0.0f;
3716    float thold = 0.2f;
3717
3718    cur_p->size = 0;
3719
3720    LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: n_combined = %zu, applying thold = %.3f\n", __func__, n_combined, thold);
3721
3722    for (size_t i = 0; i < size_org; ++i) {
3723        const bool is_eog = ctx->vocab->is_eog(cur_p->data[i].id);
3724
3725        if (cur_p->data[i].p < thold && !is_eog) {
3726            continue;
3727        }
3728
3729        if (!is_eog) {
3730            ++n_non_eog;
3731        }
3732
3733        p_sum += cur_p->data[i].p;
3734
3735        // keep this token
3736        cur_p->data[cur_p->size++] = cur_p->data[i];
3737    }
3738
3739    LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: n_non_eog = %zu\n", __func__, n_non_eog);
3740
3741    // if no non-EOG tokens are left -> reduce cur_p to single EOT token
3742    if (n_non_eog == 0) {
3743        cur_p->size = 1;
3744        cur_p->data[0].id = ctx->vocab->token_eot();
3745        if (cur_p->data[0].id == LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
3746            cur_p->data[0].id = ctx->vocab->token_eos();
3747        }
3748        cur_p->data[0].logit = 1.0f;
3749
3750        GGML_ASSERT(cur_p->data[0].id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL);
3751
3752        return;
3753    }
3754
3755    // normalize probs
3756    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3757        cur_p->data[i].p /= p_sum;
3758
3759        LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: cur_p[%3zu] = { id: %6d, p: %.6f, logit: %6.3f }\n", __func__, i, cur_p->data[i].id, cur_p->data[i].p, cur_p->data[i].logit);
3760    }
3761
3762    size_org = cur_p->size;
3763    p_sum = 0.0f;
3764    thold = 1.0/(n_non_eog + 1);
3765
3766    cur_p->size = 0;
3767
3768    LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: applying thold = %.3f\n", __func__, thold);
3769
3770    for (size_t i = 0; i < size_org; ++i) {
3771        const bool is_eog = ctx->vocab->is_eog(cur_p->data[i].id);
3772
3773        if (cur_p->data[i].p < thold && !is_eog) {
3774            continue;
3775        }
3776
3777        p_sum += cur_p->data[i].p;
3778
3779        cur_p->data[cur_p->size++] = cur_p->data[i];
3780    }
3781
3782    // normalize probs
3783    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
3784        cur_p->data[i].p /= p_sum;
3785
3786        LOG_DBG_CUR("%s: cur_p[%3zu] = { id: %6d, p: %.6f, logit: %6.3f }\n", __func__, i, cur_p->data[i].id, cur_p->data[i].p, cur_p->data[i].logit);
3787    }
3788
3789#undef LOG_DBG_CUR
3790}
3791
3792static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_infill_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3793    const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_infill *) smpl->ctx;
3794    return llama_sampler_init_infill(ctx->vocab);
3795}
3796
3797static void llama_sampler_infill_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3798    delete (llama_sampler_infill *) smpl->ctx;
3799}
3800
3801static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_infill_i = {
3802    /* .name              = */ llama_sampler_infill_name,
3803    /* .accept            = */ nullptr,
3804    /* .apply             = */ llama_sampler_infill_apply,
3805    /* .reset             = */ nullptr,
3806    /* .clone             = */ llama_sampler_infill_clone,
3807    /* .free              = */ llama_sampler_infill_free,
3808    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
3809    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
3810    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
3811    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
3812};
3813
3814struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_infill(const struct llama_vocab * vocab) {
3815    return llama_sampler_init(
3816        /* .iface = */ &llama_sampler_infill_i,
3817        /* .ctx   = */ new llama_sampler_infill {
3818            /* .vocab = */ vocab,
3819            /* .buf0  = */ std::vector<char>(512),
3820            /* .buf1  = */ std::vector<char>(512),
3821        }
3822    );
3823}
3824
3825// utils
3826
3827uint32_t llama_sampler_get_seed(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
3828    if (smpl->iface == &llama_sampler_dist_i) {
3829        return ((const llama_sampler_dist *) smpl->ctx)->seed_cur;
3830    }
3831
3832    if (smpl->iface == &llama_sampler_mirostat_i) {
3833        return ((const llama_sampler_mirostat *) smpl->ctx)->seed_cur;
3834    }
3835
3836    if (smpl->iface == &llama_sampler_mirostat_v2_i) {
3837        return ((const llama_sampler_mirostat_v2 *) smpl->ctx)->seed_cur;
3838    }
3839
3840    if (smpl->iface == &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
3841        const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_chain *) smpl->ctx;
3842        for (auto it = ctx->samplers.rbegin(); it != ctx->samplers.rend(); ++it) {
3843            const uint32_t seed = llama_sampler_get_seed(it->ptr);
3844            if (seed != LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED) {
3845                return seed;
3846            }
3847        }
3848    }
3849
3850    return LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED;
3851}
3852
3853// perf
3854
3855struct llama_perf_sampler_data llama_perf_sampler(const struct llama_sampler * chain) {
3856    struct llama_perf_sampler_data data = {};
3857
3858    if (chain == nullptr || chain->iface != &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
3859        GGML_ABORT("%s: invalid sampler passed - requires a sampler created with llama_sampler_chain_init()\n", __func__);
3860    }
3861
3862    const auto * ctx = (const struct llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
3863
3864    data.t_sample_ms = 1e-3 * ctx->t_sample_us;
3865    data.n_sample    = std::max(0, ctx->n_sample);
3866
3867    return data;
3868}
3869
3870void llama_perf_sampler_print(const struct llama_sampler * chain) {
3871    const auto data = llama_perf_sampler(chain);
3872
3873    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s:    samplers time = %10.2f ms / %5d runs\n", __func__, data.t_sample_ms, data.n_sample);
3874}
3875
3876void llama_perf_sampler_reset(struct llama_sampler * chain) {
3877    if (chain == nullptr || chain->iface != &llama_sampler_chain_i) {
3878        GGML_ABORT("%s: invalid sampler passed - requires a sampler created with llama_sampler_chain_init()\n", __func__);
3879    }
3880
3881    auto * ctx = (struct llama_sampler_chain *) chain->ctx;
3882
3883    ctx->t_sample_us = 0;
3884    ctx->n_sample    = 0;
3885}