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@@ -7,14 +7,15 @@ draft: false
7 7
8## A little stroll down the history lane 8## A little stroll down the history lane
9 9
10About two weeks ago, I watched this outstanding documentary on YouTube 10About two weeks ago, I watched this outstanding documentary on YouTube
11[Springboard: the secret history of the first real smartphone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9_Vh9h3Ohw) 11[Springboard: the secret history of the first real
12about the history of smartphones and phones in general. It brought back so many 12smartphone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9_Vh9h3Ohw) about the history of
13memories. I never had an actual smartphone before the Android. The closest to 13smartphones and phones in general. It brought back so many memories. I never had
14smartphone was [Sony Ericsson P1](https://www.gsmarena.com/sony_ericsson_p1-1982.php). 14an actual smartphone before the Android. The closest to smartphone was [Sony
15A fantastic phone and I broke it in Prague after a party and that was one of 15Ericsson P1](https://www.gsmarena.com/sony_ericsson_p1-1982.php). A fantastic
16those rare occasions where I was actually mad at myself. But nevertheless, 16phone and I broke it in Prague after a party and that was one of those rare
17after that phone, the next one was an Android one. 17occasions where I was actually mad at myself. But nevertheless, after that
18phone, the next one was an Android one.
18 19
19Before that, I only owned normal phones from Nokia and Siemens etc. Nothing 20Before that, I only owned normal phones from Nokia and Siemens etc. Nothing
20special, actually. These are the phones we are talking about. Before 2007. 21special, actually. These are the phones we are talking about. Before 2007.
@@ -34,42 +35,42 @@ Let's take a look at these beauties.
34 35
35## WAP - Wireless Application Protocol 36## WAP - Wireless Application Protocol
36 37
37Not that one! We are talking about Wireless Application Protocol and not 38Not that one! We are talking about Wireless Application Protocol and not Cardi
38Cardi B's song 😃 39B's song 😃
39 40
40WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol. It is a protocol designed for 41WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol. It is a protocol designed for
41micro-browsers, and it enables the access of internet in the mobile devices. 42micro-browsers, and it enables the access of internet in the mobile devices. It
42It uses the mark-up language WML (Wireless Markup Language and not HTML), WML 43uses the mark-up language WML (Wireless Markup Language and not HTML), WML is
43is defined as XML 1.0 application. Furthermore, it enables creating web 44defined as XML 1.0 application. Furthermore, it enables creating web
44applications for mobile devices. In 1998, WAP Forum was founded by Ericson, 45applications for mobile devices. In 1998, WAP Forum was founded by Ericson,
45Motorola, Nokia and Unwired Planet whose aim was to standardize the various 46Motorola, Nokia and Unwired Planet whose aim was to standardize the various
46wireless technologies via protocols. 47wireless technologies via protocols.
47[(source)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wireless-application-protocol/) 48[(source)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wireless-application-protocol/)
48 49
49WAP protocol was resulted by the joint efforts of the various members of WAP 50WAP protocol was resulted by the joint efforts of the various members of WAP
50Forum. In 2002, WAP forum was merged with various other forums of the industry, 51Forum. In 2002, WAP forum was merged with various other forums of the industry,
51resulting in the formation of Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). 52resulting in the formation of Open Mobile Alliance (OMA).
52[(source)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wireless-application-protocol/) 53[(source)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wireless-application-protocol/)
53 54
54These were some wild times. Devices had tiny screens and data transmission rates 55These were some wild times. Devices had tiny screens and data transmission rates
55were abominable. But they were capable of rendering WML (Wireless Markup 56were abominable. But they were capable of rendering WML (Wireless Markup
56Language). This was very similar to HTML, actually. It is a markup language, 57Language). This was very similar to HTML, actually. It is a markup language,
57after all. 58after all.
58 59
59These pages could be served by [Apache](https://apache.org/) and could be 60These pages could be served by [Apache](https://apache.org/) and could be
60generated by CGI scripts on the backend. The only difference was the limited 61generated by CGI scripts on the backend. The only difference was the limited
61markup language. 62markup language.
62 63
63## WML - Wireless Markup Language 64## WML - Wireless Markup Language
64 65
65Just like web browsers use HTML for content structure, older mobile device 66Just like web browsers use HTML for content structure, older mobile device
66browsers use WML - if you need to support really old mobile phones using WML 67browsers use WML - if you need to support really old mobile phones using WML
67browsers, you will need to know about it. WML is XML-based (an XML vocabulary 68browsers, you will need to know about it. WML is XML-based (an XML vocabulary
68just like XHTML and MathML, but not HTML) and does not use the same metaphor 69just like XHTML and MathML, but not HTML) and does not use the same metaphor as
69as HTML. HTML is a single document with some metadata packed away in the head, 70HTML. HTML is a single document with some metadata packed away in the head, and
70and a body encapsulating the visible page. With WML, the metaphor does not 71a body encapsulating the visible page. With WML, the metaphor does not envisage
71envisage a page, but rather a deck of cards. A WML file might have several 72a page, but rather a deck of cards. A WML file might have several pages or cards
72pages or cards contained within it. 73contained within it.
73[(source)](https://www.w3.org/wiki/Introduction_to_mobile_web) 74[(source)](https://www.w3.org/wiki/Introduction_to_mobile_web)
74 75
75```html 76```html
@@ -82,7 +83,8 @@ pages or cards contained within it.
82</wml> 83</wml>
83``` 84```
84 85
85There is an amazing tutorial on [Tutorialpoint about WML](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/wml/index.htm). 86There is an amazing tutorial on [Tutorialpoint about
87WML](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/wml/index.htm).
86 88
87## Converting Digg to WML 89## Converting Digg to WML
88 90
@@ -166,24 +168,24 @@ with open('www/index.wml', 'w+') as fp:
166 fp.write(html) 168 fp.write(html)
167``` 169```
168 170
169This script will create a folder `www` and in the folder `www/images` for 171This script will create a folder `www` and in the folder `www/images` for
170storing resized images. 172storing resized images.
171 173
172> Be sure you don't use SSL and use just normal HTTP for serving the content. 174> Be sure you don't use SSL and use just normal HTTP for serving the content.
173> These old phones will have problems with TLS 1.3 etc. 175> These old phones will have problems with TLS 1.3 etc.
174 176
175If you look at the python file, I convert all the images into tiny B&W images. 177If you look at the python file, I convert all the images into tiny B&W images.
176They should be WBMP (Wireless BitMaP) but I choose JPEGs for this, and it 178They should be WBMP (Wireless BitMaP) but I choose JPEGs for this, and it seems
177seems to work properly. 179to work properly.
178 180
179Because I currently don't have a phone old enough to test it on, I used an 181Because I currently don't have a phone old enough to test it on, I used an
180emulator. And it was really hard to find one. I found [WAP Proof](http://wap-proof.sharewarejunction.com/) 182emulator. And it was really hard to find one. I found [WAP
181on shareware junction, and it did the job well enough. I will try to find and 183Proof](http://wap-proof.sharewarejunction.com/) on shareware junction, and it
182actual device to test it on. 184did the job well enough. I will try to find and actual device to test it on.
183 185
184<video src="/assets/wap/emulator.mp4" controls></video> 186<video src="/assets/wap/emulator.mp4" controls></video>
185 187
186If you are using Nginx to serve the contents, add a directive to the hosts file 188If you are using Nginx to serve the contents, add a directive to the hosts file
187that will automatically server `index.wml` file. 189that will automatically server `index.wml` file.
188 190
189```nginx 191```nginx
@@ -195,6 +197,5 @@ server {
195## Conclusion 197## Conclusion
196 198
197Well, this was pointless, but very fun! I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did. 199Well, this was pointless, but very fun! I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did.
198I will try to find an old phone to test it on. If you have any questions, 200I will try to find an old phone to test it on. If you have any questions, feel
199feel free to ask in the comments. 201free to ask in the comments.
200