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----
-Title: List of essential Linux commands for server management
-Description: List of essential Linux commands for server management
-Slug: linux-cheatsheet
-Listing: true
-Created: 2021-08-01
-Tags: []
----
-
-**Table of contents**
-
-1. [Generate SSH key](#generate-ssh-key)
-2. [Login to host via SSH](#login-to-host-via-ssh)
-3. [Execute command on a server through SSH](#execute-command-on-a-server-through-ssh)
-4. [Displays currently logged in users in the system](#displays-currently-logged-in-users-in-the-system)
-5. [Displays Linux system information](#displays-linux-system-information)
-6. [Displays kernel release information](#displays-kernel-release-information)
-7. [Shows the system hostname](#shows-the-system-hostname)
-8. [Shows system reboot history](#shows-system-reboot-history)
-9. [Displays information about the user](#displays-information-about-the-user)
-10. [Displays IP addresses and all the network interfaces](#displays-ip-addresses-and-all-the-network-interfaces)
-11. [Downloads a file from an online source](#downloads-a-file-from-an-online-source)
-12. [Compress a file with gzip](#compress-a-file-with-gzip)
-13. [Interactive disk usage analyzer](#interactive-disk-usage-analyzer)
-14. [Install Node.js using the Node Version Manager](#install-nodejs-using-the-node-version-manager)
-15. [Too long; didn't read](#too-long-didnt-read)
-16. [Combine all Nginx access logs to one big log file](#combine-all-nginx-access-logs-to-one-big-log-file)
-17. [Set up Redis server](#set-up-redis-server)
-18. [Generate statistics of your webserver](#generate-statistics-of-your-webserver)
-19. [Search for a given pattern in files](#search-for-a-given-pattern-in-files)
-20. [Find proccess ID for a specific program](#find-proccess-id-for-a-specific-program)
-21. [Print name of current/working directory](#print-name-of-currentworking-directory)
-22. [Creates a blank new file](#creates-a-blank-new-file)
-23. [Displays first lines in a file](#displays-first-lines-in-a-file)
-24. [Displays last lines in a file](#displays-last-lines-in-a-file)
-25. [Count lines in a file](#count-lines-in-a-file)
-26. [Find all instances of the file](#find-all-instances-of-the-file)
-27. [Find file names that begin with ‘index’ in /home folder](#find-file-names-that-begin-with-index-in-home-folder)
-28. [Find files larger than 100MB in the home folder](#find-files-larger-than-100mb-in-the-home-folder)
-29. [Displays block devices related information](#displays-block-devices-related-information)
-30. [Displays free space on mounted systems](#displays-free-space-on-mounted-systems)
-31. [Displays free and used memory in the system](#displays-free-and-used-memory-in-the-system)
-32. [Displays all active listening ports](#displays-all-active-listening-ports)
-33. [Kill a process violently](#kill-a-process-violently)
-34. [List files opened by user](#list-files-opened-by-user)
-35. [Execute "df -h", showing periodic updates](#execute-df--h-showing-periodic-updates)
-
-
-##### Generate SSH key
-
-```bash
-ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
-
-# when no support for Ed25519 present
-ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
-```
-
-Note: By default SSH keys get stored to `/home/<username>/.ssh/` folder.
-
-
-
-##### Login to host via SSH
-
-```bash
-# connect to host as your local username
-ssh host
-
-# connect to host as user
-ssh <user>@<host>
-
-# connect to host using port
-ssh -p <port> <user>@<host>
-```
-
-
-
-##### Execute command on a server through SSH
-
-```bash
-# execute one command
-ssh root@100.100.100.100 "ls /root"
-
-# execute many commands
-ssh root@100.100.100.100 "cd /root;touch file.txt"
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays currently logged in users in the system
-
-```bash
-w
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays Linux system information
-
-```bash
-uname
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays kernel release information
-
-```bash
-uname -r
-```
-
-
-
-##### Shows the system hostname
-
-```bash
-hostname
-```
-
-
-
-##### Shows system reboot history
-
-```bash
-last reboot
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays information about the user
-
-```bash
-sudo apt install finger
-finger <username>
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays IP addresses and all the network interfaces
-
-```bash
-ip addr show
-```
-
-
-
-##### Downloads a file from an online source
-
-```bash
-wget https://example.com/example.tgz
-```
-
-Note: If URL contains ?, & enclose the URL in double quotes.
-
-
-
-##### Compress a file with gzip
-
-```bash
-# will not keep the original file
-gzip file.txt
-
-# will keep the original file
-gzip --keep file.txt
-```
-
-
-
-##### Interactive disk usage analyzer
-
-```bash
-sudo apt install ncdu
-
-ncdu
-ncdu <path/to/directory>
-```
-
-
-
-##### Install Node.js using the Node Version Manager
-
-```bash
-curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.35.3/install.sh | bash
-source ~/.bashrc
-
-nvm install v13
-```
-
-
-
-##### Too long; didn't read
-
-```bash
-npm install -g tldr
-
-tldr tar
-```
-
-
-
-##### Combine all Nginx access logs to one big log file
-
-```bash
-zcat -f /var/log/nginx/access.log* > /var/log/nginx/access-all.log
-```
-
-
-
-##### Set up Redis server
-
-```bash
-sudo apt install redis-server redis-tools
-
-# check if server is running
-sudo service redis status
-
-# set and get a key value
-redis-cli set mykey myvalue
-redis-cli get mykey
-
-# interactive shell
-redis-cli
-```
-
-
-
-##### Generate statistics of your webserver
-
-```bash
-sudo apt install goaccess
-
-# check if installed
-goaccess -v
-
-# combine logs
-zcat -f /var/log/nginx/access.log* > /var/log/nginx/access-all.log
-
-# export to single html
-goaccess \
-  --log-file=/var/log/nginx/access-all.log \
-  --log-format=COMBINED \
-  --exclude-ip=0.0.0.0 \
-  --ignore-crawlers \
-  --real-os \
-  --output=/var/www/html/stats.html
-
-# cleanup afterwards
-rm /var/log/nginx/access-all.log
-```
-
-
-
-##### Search for a given pattern in files
-
-```bash
-grep -r ‘pattern’ files
-```
-
-
-
-##### Find proccess ID for a specific program
-
-```bash
-pgrep nginx
-```
-
-
-
-##### Print name of current/working directory
-
-```bash
-pwd
-```
-
-
-
-##### Creates a blank new file
-
-```bash
-touch newfile.txt
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays first lines in a file
-
-```bash
-# -n <x> presents the number of lines (10 by default)
-head -n 20 somefile.txt
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays last lines in a file
-
-```bash
-# -n <x> presents the number of lines (10 by default)
-tail -n 20 somefile.txt
-
-# -f follows the changes in file (doesn't closes)
-tail -f somefile.txt
-```
-
-
-
-##### Count lines in a file
-
-```bash
-wc -l somefile.txt
-```
-
-
-
-##### Find all instances of the file
-
-```bash
-sudo apt install mlocate
-
-locate somefile.txt
-```
-
-
-
-##### Find file names that begin with ‘index’ in /home folder
-
-```bash
-find /home/ -name "index"
-```
-
-
-
-##### Find files larger than 100MB in the home folder
-
-```bash
-find /home -size +100M
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays block devices related information
-
-```bash
-lsblk
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays free space on mounted systems
-
-```bash
-df -h
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays free and used memory in the system
-
-```bash
-free -h
-```
-
-
-
-##### Displays all active listening ports
-
-```bash
-sudo apt install net-tools
-
-netstat -pnltu
-```
-
-
-
-##### Kill a process violently
-
-```bash
-kill -9 <pid>
-```
-
-
-
-##### List files opened by user
-
-```bash
-lsof -u <user>
-```
-
-
-
-##### Execute "df -h", showing periodic updates
-
-```bash
-# -n 1 means every second
-watch -n 1 df -h
-```
-
-
-