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+// sample.ts
+// A practical TypeScript tour in one file 🚀
+
+// --------------------
+// Basic Types
+// --------------------
+let username: string = "Alice";
+let age: number = 30;
+let isAdmin: boolean = false;
+
+let hobbies: string[] = ["gaming", "coding"];
+let scores: Array<number> = [10, 20, 30];
+
+// Tuple
+let userTuple: [string, number] = ["Bob", 42];
+
+// --------------------
+// Enums
+// --------------------
+enum Role {
+    User = "USER",
+    Admin = "ADMIN",
+    Moderator = "MODERATOR",
+}
+
+// --------------------
+// Interfaces & Types
+// --------------------
+interface User {
+    id: number;
+    name: string;
+    role: Role;
+    email?: string; // optional
+}
+
+type ApiResponse<T> = {
+    success: boolean;
+    data: T;
+    error?: string;
+};
+
+// --------------------
+// Functions
+// --------------------
+function greet(user: User): string {
+    return `Hello, ${user.name}! Your role is ${user.role}.`;
+}
+
+const add = (a: number, b: number): number => a + b;
+
+// Function with default value
+function log(message: string, level: "info" | "warn" | "error" = "info") {
+    console.log(`[${level.toUpperCase()}] ${message}`);
+}
+
+// --------------------
+// Classes
+// --------------------
+class UserService {
+    private users: User[] = [];
+
+    constructor(initialUsers: User[] = []) {
+        this.users = initialUsers;
+    }
+
+    addUser(user: User): void {
+        this.users.push(user);
+    }
+
+    findByRole(role: Role): User[] {
+        return this.users.filter(u => u.role === role);
+    }
+}
+
+// --------------------
+// Generics
+// --------------------
+function wrapResponse<T>(data: T): ApiResponse<T> {
+    return {
+        success: true,
+        data,
+    };
+}
+
+// --------------------
+// Async / Await
+// --------------------
+async function fetchUser(id: number): Promise<User> {
+    // Fake async call
+    return new Promise(resolve => {
+        setTimeout(() => {
+            resolve({
+                id,
+                name: "Charlie",
+                role: Role.User,
+            });
+        }, 500);
+    });
+}
+
+// --------------------
+// Type Narrowing
+// --------------------
+function printValue(value: string | number) {
+    if (typeof value === "string") {
+        console.log("String value:", value.toUpperCase());
+    } else {
+        console.log("Number value:", value.toFixed(2));
+    }
+}
+
+// --------------------
+// Usage Example
+// --------------------
+(async () => {
+    const user: User = {
+        id: 1,
+        name: username,
+        role: isAdmin ? Role.Admin : Role.User,
+    };
+
+    log(greet(user));
+
+    const service = new UserService([user]);
+    service.addUser({ id: 2, name: "Dana", role: Role.Admin });
+
+    console.log("Admins:", service.findByRole(Role.Admin));
+
+    const fetchedUser = await fetchUser(3);
+    const response = wrapResponse(fetchedUser);
+
+    console.log("API response:", response);
+
+    printValue("hello");
+    printValue(123.456);
+
+    console.log("2 + 3 =", add(2, 3));
+})();