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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- LEARN LUA BY EXAMPLE
+-- Read from top to bottom. Run the file and modify values as you go.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+print("Hello, Lua!")  -- Printing to the console
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 1. VARIABLES & TYPES
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local name = "Lua"        -- string
+local version = 5.1       -- number (Lua only has one numeric type)
+local isFun = true        -- boolean
+local nothing = nil       -- nil means "no value"
+
+print(name, version, isFun, nothing)
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 2. BASIC OPERATIONS
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local a = 10
+local b = 3
+
+print("Addition:", a + b)
+print("Subtraction:", a - b)
+print("Multiplication:", a * b)
+print("Division:", a / b)
+print("Power:", a ^ b)
+print("Modulo:", a % b)
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 3. STRINGS
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local first = "Hello"
+local second = "World"
+
+-- Concatenation uses ..
+local message = first .. " " .. second .. "!"
+print(message)
+
+print("Length of message:", #message)
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 4. CONDITIONS (if / elseif / else)
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local health = 25
+
+if health > 50 then
+    print("You are healthy")
+elseif health > 0 then
+    print("You are injured")
+else
+    print("You are dead")
+end
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 5. LOOPS
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- for loop
+for i = 1, 5 do
+    print("For loop i =", i)
+end
+
+-- while loop
+local counter = 1
+while counter <= 3 do
+    print("While loop counter =", counter)
+    counter = counter + 1
+end
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 6. TABLES (VERY IMPORTANT IN LUA)
+-- Tables are arrays, dictionaries, objects, and structs all in one
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Array-like table
+local fruits = { "apple", "banana", "cherry" }
+
+print("First fruit:", fruits[1]) -- Lua arrays start at 1
+
+-- Loop over array
+for i, fruit in ipairs(fruits) do
+    print(i, fruit)
+end
+
+-- Dictionary-like table
+local player = {
+    name = "Hunter",
+    level = 60,
+    alive = true
+}
+
+print(player.name, player.level)
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 7. FUNCTIONS
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function add(x, y)
+    return x + y
+end
+
+print("Function result:", add(4, 6))
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 8. FUNCTIONS AS VALUES
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function apply(a, b, fn)
+    return fn(a, b)
+end
+
+print("Apply add:", apply(2, 3, add))
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 9. SIMPLE OBJECT-LIKE TABLE
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local Enemy = {}
+Enemy.__index = Enemy
+
+function Enemy:new(name, hp)
+    local obj = {
+        name = name,
+        hp = hp
+    }
+    setmetatable(obj, self)
+    return obj
+end
+
+function Enemy:takeDamage(amount)
+    self.hp = self.hp - amount
+    print(self.name .. " takes " .. amount .. " damage. HP =", self.hp)
+end
+
+local wolf = Enemy:new("Wolf", 40)
+wolf:takeDamage(15)
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 10. NIL AND CHECKING VALUES
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local value = nil
+
+if value == nil then
+    print("Value is nil")
+end
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 11. GLOBAL VS LOCAL
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+globalVar = "I am global" -- avoid globals when possible!
+local localVar = "I am local"
+
+print(globalVar)
+print(localVar)
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 12. ERROR HANDLING
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function risky()
+    error("Something went wrong!")
+end
+
+local success, err = pcall(risky)
+print("Success:", success)
+print("Error:", err)
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- END
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+print("You just walked through the basics of Lua 🎉")